Kirignaga-Loloue

National Republic of Kirignaga-Loloue République de Kirignaga-Loloué
Capital	Mavouria
Largest city	Kisoumette
Recognised regional languages	Somali Ganda Masai Gikouyou Various others
Lingua franca	Quimini French

Kirignaga-Loloue (French: Kirignaga-Loloué [kiriɲagə lɔlwe]), officially the Republic of Kirignaga-Loloue and informally known as Kirignaga is a country located in eastern Africa centered around the Rift Valley Lakes. It is bordered by Kitara, Unyamwezi, and East Africa to the south, the Congo to the west, as well as Nubia and Somalia to the north.

History

From the mid-17th century to the 19th century, the region which is now Kirignaga-Loloue was occupied by a number of sovereign states and colonies. The coast (known in Arabic as the Zang زَنْج), was variously held by Portugal, Oman, and several small sultanates. The Geledi Sultanate dominated the northeast, while the Ateker Confederation held sway over what is now the governorate of Tekerine. Around Lake Loloue, kingdoms such as Bouganda, Bougnoro, Bousoga, and Wanga were among the most powerful. In the south, tribal unions such as the Masai and the Gikouyou held large swathes of land for centuries.

Around the time of the Augustine Wars, the French and the British began colonizing the Zang coast, pushing out the Portuguese and the Arabs. Port cities such as Mombasa, La Tanga, and Cismaio were annexed by the French empire throughout the 19th century. By 1900, the French had acquired direct and indirect control over lands from the coast to Lake Muitanzique, and from Lake Tekerine in the north to Lake Laframboise in the south. From 1894 to 1937, white settlers were encouraged to colonize the Encaira Highlands.

In 1939, the colonies of Kirignaga and Loloue, led by the Communard Party of Kirignaga, achieved independence from Camille Laframboise's France nearing the end of the Great War. An Azanian revolutionary and politician, Mouhamet Aravai, assumed leadership of the country until 1942, when Mouton Moutima began his tenure.

Government and Politics

Government of Kirignaga-Loloue

Presidential republic
Formation	1939
Advocative branch
Head	Wakil
Main body	Electoral Commission
Legislative branch
Legislature	Mbaraza
Assembly members	170
Executive branch
Head of state	Chairman of the National Committee
Main body	National Committee
Judicial branch
Court of last resort	Council of State
Seat	Mavouria

Kirignaga-Loloue is a presidential republic consisting of fourteen semi-autonomous governorates. The country may also be characterized as a federacy, as four governorates comprising the former colonial province of Loloue are afforded greater autonomy than the others. Kirignaga is often considered to have four main organs of government, though disregard for the separation of powers results in significant overlap in responsibilities. These branches of government are the executive, the advocative, the judicial, and the legislative.

Executive and advocative

Modeled on the Russian National Republic, the dominant executive body of the state is the National Committee. The head of the Committee, the Chairman, is elected by the ten-to-twenty person Committee at unstandardized intervals; the Chairman consistently relies on the support of the Committee to govern. The Chairman is also by default also the head of state and government.

Created in 1937 by the Communard Party, the position of Wakil (Wakili wa Taifa; 'ombudsman', lit. 'defender of the nation') was a state post originally made to serve as the mediator between different factions of the independence struggle. Since the 1950s, the office and its subsidiary departments have been considered the fourth branch of the Kirignagan government due to its role in administering national elections as well as its role as a supervisory, liaison, and auditory authority between various state institutions on both a national and local level.

Judicial and legislative

Perhaps the least powerful branch, the judiciary is largely modeled upon that of France. The Council of State, located in the national capital Mavouria, is the court of last resort for cases of all types. Cases concerning elections are directly referred to the Electoral Commission, headed by the Wakil. In total, there are three tiers of courts.

I	Council of State
II	Court of Assize (criminal)	High courts (civil)	Council of Defense
III	Cantonal courts		National Court-Martial

The country's legislature is bicameral and is known as the Mabaraza (lit. 'chambers') and its members wabaraza ('representatives'). The lower house, the Ronjo, has 142 members — two from each canton. Meanwhile the Senate, the upper house, is a 28-member body, with each of the fourteen governorates providing two senators each.

Map displaying the fourteen governorates of Kirignaga-Loloue c. 1965.

Administrative divisions

Like the judiciary, Kirignaga-Loloue's administrative divisions are divided into three tiers. The first level consist of fourteen governorates, four of which (Kitara, Ouganda, Ougangie, Cavirondo) are classifed as special autonomous governorates due to certain provisions within the 1939 treaty uniting the former colonies of Kirignaga and Loloue. Governorates are divided into cantons, of which there are 71 in total. The last tier, of which there are around 350, are communes.

List of leaders

Nº	Portrait	Name	Term of office
1		Mouhamet Aravai (1883–1948)	9 July 1939 – 31 October 1942
2		Mouton Moutima (1907–1948)	31 October 1942 –