Holy See

Holy See Sancta Sedes
Flag
Status	Papal enclave
Capital	Terra de Santiago
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction	Diocese of Rome Archdiocese of Compostela
Official languages	Latin
Working languages	Spanish Galician Italian
Religion	Catholic Church
Demonym	Papal Pontifical
Type	Apostolic see
Government	Unitary Christian theocratic elective monarchy
Establishment
• Apostolic see	1st century by Saint Peter
• Papal primacy	Early Church
• Donation of Sutri	728 (territory in Duchy of Rome)
• Donation of Pepin	756 (sovereignty in Duchy of Rome reaffirmed)
• Papal States	756 1075: Dictatus papae 1177: Treaty of Venice (sovereignty reaffirmed)
• Avignon Papacy	1309–1376
• Santiago Papacy	1909– (Pontevedra Treaty with Spain)

The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes; Spanish: Santa Sede; Galician: Santa Sé) is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his capacity as the absentee Bishop of Rome. Santiago de Compostela, a city in Spain, has been the seat of the Papacy since the Venetian invasion and the Council of Rome (1909). The Holy See, in its temporal power, also acts as the government-in-exile of the Papal States (Latin: Dicio Pontificia), which had been replaced with the Latin Republic in 1908.

Terra de Santiago, the de facto capital of the Holy See, is a papal enclave consisting of numerous properties within and near the city of Santiago de Compostela, affirmed in the Treaty of Pontevedra between Ferdinand VIII of Spain and Pope Callixtus IV. The Pope himself resides in Gelmírez Palace, while the Roman Curia, the administration of the Holy See, is located at Fonseca Palace.

To this day, the legal status of the Holy See remains in dispute, with it being variously classified as having no sovereignty, to being an independent non-state actor, to being a sovereign state. Generally, it continues to act as an independent personality and is thought of as (semi-)sovereign.

Names

The Holy See is variously referred to as the Petrine See, the Apostolic See, and the See of Rome, though the latter is in seldom use since 1909. As it claims to be also be a government-in-exile, the See may also be referred to as the Papal States or the State of the Church. Colloquially, the terms 'Papacy', 'Pontificate', and 'Santiago' are common.

List of leaders

List of popes

No.	Name	Pontificate		Date and place of birth
264	Callixtus IV	1910	1932
265	Leo XIV	1932	1940
266	Leo XV	1940	1956
267	Callixtus V	1956	1971
268	Clement XIII	1971	1973
269	Adrian VII	1973–		28 May 1903Boschkill, South Mizürie, Tussenland