United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
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{{Nation |
{{Nation |
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|common_name= |
|common_name=Britain |
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|full_name= |
|full_name=United Kingdom of Great Britain |
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|local_name= |
|local_name= |
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|established= |
|established= |
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|capital= London |
|capital= London |
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|largest_city= |
|largest_city=London |
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|population= |
|population= |
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|government_type= Parliamentary |
|government_type= Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
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|languages= |
|languages= English (official) </br> Scottish Gaelic </br> Scots </br> Welsh |
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Scots | |
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Welsh | |
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Scottish Gaelic | |
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}} |
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|flag=Flag of the United Kingdom.png}} |
|flag=Flag of the United Kingdom.png}} |
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The '''United Kingdom of Great Britain''', commonly known as '''Britain''', is |
The '''United Kingdom of Great Britain''', commonly known as '''Britain''' or the ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_pro_toto pars pro toto]'' '''England''', is an island country in north-western Europe. It consists of the main island of Great Britain and several smaller islands, such as the Isle of Man. The North Sea borders the archipelago to the north, the English Channel to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Breton Sea to the south-west. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Main|History of the United Kingdom}} |
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===Premodern history=== |
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Settlement by anatomically modern humans of what was to become the United Kingdom occurred in waves beginning by about 30,000 years ago. By the end of the region's prehistoric period, the population is thought to have belonged, in the main, to a culture termed Insular Celtic, comprising Brittonic Britain and Gaelic Ireland. |
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Prior to the Roman conquest, Britain was home to about 30 indigenous tribes. The largest were the Belgae, the Brigantes, the Silures and the Iceni. Historian Edward Gibbon believed that Spain, Gaul and Britain were populated by "the same hardy race of savages", based on the similarity of their "manners and languages". The Roman conquest, beginning in 43 AD, and the 400-year rule of southern Britain, was followed by an invasion by Germanic Anglo-Saxon settlers, reducing the Brittonic area mainly to what was to become Wales, Cornwall and, until the latter stages of the Anglo-Saxon settlement, the Hen Ogledd (northern England and parts of southern Scotland). Most of the region settled by the Anglo-Saxons became unified as the Kingdom of England in the 10th century. Meanwhile, Gaelic-speakers in north-west Britain (with connections to the north-east of Ireland and traditionally supposed to have migrated from there in the 5th century) united with the Picts to create the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century. |
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In 1066, the Normans and their Breton allies invaded England from northern France. After conquering England, they seized large parts of Wales, conquered much of Ireland and were invited to settle in Scotland, bringing to each country feudalism on the Northern French model and Norman-French culture. The Anglo-Norman ruling class greatly influenced, but eventually assimilated with, each of the local cultures. Subsequent medieval English kings completed the conquest of Wales and made unsuccessful attempts to annex Scotland. Asserting its independence in the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, Scotland maintained its independence thereafter, albeit in near-constant conflict with England. |
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The English monarchs, through inheritance of substantial territories in France and claims to the French crown, were also heavily involved in conflicts in France, most notably the Hundred Years War, while the Kings of Scots were in an alliance with the French during this period. Early modern Britain saw religious conflict resulting from the Reformation and the introduction of Protestant state churches in each country. Wales was fully incorporated into the Kingdom of England, and Ireland was constituted as a kingdom in personal union with the English crown. In what was to become Northern Ireland, the lands of the independent Catholic Gaelic nobility were confiscated and given to Protestant settlers from England and Scotland. |
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In 1603, the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in a personal union when James VI, King of Scots, inherited the crowns of England and Ireland and moved his court from Edinburgh to London; each country nevertheless remained a separate political entity and retained its separate political, legal, and religious institutions. |
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{{Main|The Great War}} |
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=== The Anglo-Dutch Union === |
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== Imperialism == |
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=== Kingdom of Great Britain === |
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==== Origins of the British Empire ==== |
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=== Britain in the 19th century === |
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===British imperialism=== |
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====In the Americas==== |
====In the Americas==== |
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====In Oceania==== |
====In Oceania==== |
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==== In Asia ==== |
==== In Asia ==== |
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==== In Africa ==== |
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== List of monarchs == |
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====In Africa==== |
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==== House of Stuart ==== |
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* [[Henrietta I]] (1667-1692) |
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==== House of Stuart-Nassau ==== |
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* William III (1692-1712) |
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* William IV (1712-1734) |
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* William V (1734-1737) |
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* Charles III (1737-1765) |
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* Elizabeth II (1765-1777) |
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==== House of Wittelsbach ==== |
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* Frederick I (1777-1779) |
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* George I (1779-1804) |
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* George II (1804-1821) |
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* Ernest I (1821-1873) |
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* Edward VII (1873-1878) |
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* Alexander I&IV (1878-1896) |
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* [[Elizabeth III]] (1896-1947) |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Nations of the World}} |
{{Nations of the World}} |
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Revision as of 17:17, 14 March 2022
| Britain | |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom of Great Britain | |
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| Capital | London |
| Largest City | London |
| Government Type | Parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Languages | English (official) Scottish Gaelic Scots Welsh |
| Currency | Pound sterling (£) |
The United Kingdom of Great Britain, commonly known as Britain or the pars pro toto England, is an island country in north-western Europe. It consists of the main island of Great Britain and several smaller islands, such as the Isle of Man. The North Sea borders the archipelago to the north, the English Channel to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Breton Sea to the south-west.
History
Anglo-Dutch Union
Great Silesian War
The Canton War
The Great War
Government and Politics
Demographics
Culture
Imperialism
Origins of the British Empire
In the Americas
In Oceania
In Asia
In Africa
List of monarchs
House of Stuart
- Henrietta I (1667-1692)
House of Stuart-Nassau
- William III (1692-1712)
- William IV (1712-1734)
- William V (1734-1737)
- Charles III (1737-1765)
- Elizabeth II (1765-1777)
House of Wittelsbach
- Frederick I (1777-1779)
- George I (1779-1804)
- George II (1804-1821)
- Ernest I (1821-1873)
- Edward VII (1873-1878)
- Alexander I&IV (1878-1896)
- Elizabeth III (1896-1947)
