Sardinia: Difference between revisions
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{{Nation |
{{Nation |
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|common_name=Sardinia |
|common_name=Sardinia |
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|full_name= |
|full_name=Kingdom of Sardinia |
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|local_name=Sardìgna |
|local_name=Sardìgna |
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|lifespan=1756-present |
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|flag=RTL_Flag_of_Sardinia.png |
|flag=RTL_Flag_of_Sardinia.png |
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|established=1756 |
|established=1756 |
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|capital= |
|capital= Casteddu |
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|largest_city= |
|largest_city= Casteddu |
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|population= 1.7 Million |
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|government_type= Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|government_type= Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
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|languages= Sard (official) </br> [[French]] |
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|languages= {{unbulleted_list | Sardinian (Official) | French (Minority)}} |
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|map=RTL_Locator_Sardinia.png}} |
|map=RTL_Locator_Sardinia.png}} |
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'''Sardinia''' ( |
'''Sardinia''' (Sard: ''Sardìgna)'', officially the '''Kingdom of Sardinia''', is an island nation in southern Europe. Part of the Spanish and French empires for centuries, an independent Sard monarchy gained independence in 1756. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Sardo-Spaniard Exodus Map.png|border|left|frameless|267x267px]] |
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The history of Sardinia in the Modern era was characterized by three centuries of Spanish rule, until March 1701, when the Spanish territories of Milan and Sardinia were handed to the Kingdom of France, after Spanish holdings in Italy were partitioned following the [[History of Europe#Spanish Succession Crisis (1701)|Spanish Succession Crisis (1701)]]. |
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==== French period (1700-1756) ==== |
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[[France]] [[History of Europe#Crisis of the Spanish Succession|acquired Sardinia in 1700]] from the Spanish Habsburgs. The Bourbons felt threatened by the Hispanic nobility of Sardinia and sought to replace them. Over the next three decades, the Hispanic population was gradually expelled. In February 1735, the Baron of Las Plassas Don Antonio Zapata Brondo left the island and took up residence in the capital of Spain, Madrid. |
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Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Sardinia was the poorest of the French dominions in Italy. In the many years of French rule, it did not progress economically and technologically, still relying on the three-field system for almost all the organized fields. The French did not fix other problems of the island either. Feudalism, first introduced by the Kingdom of Aragon in the 1300s. The French government did not fix the issue, only switching the Spanish Barons with French Nobles, indirectly causing the few Sardo-Spaniards in Sardinia to leave. But the last straw was the Great Silesian War. Despite comprising only a tiny part of the French army, most Sardinian soldiers who fought in continental Europe lost their lives, with a death rate of roughly 72 percent. Historians generally attribute this high death rate to the location where the Sardinian soldiers were recruited and trained, Aristanis, which had a severe malaria outbreak that could have heavily affected the soldiers' health. |
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The power vacuum left by the disappearance of the Spanish nobility wasn't adequately taken advantage of by the French aristocracy. This led to the rise of a new Franco-Sard nobility, including the [[House of Mondiverru]], the future ruling house of the island. Sardinia was the poorest of the French dominions in Italy, far beneath [[Lombardy|Milan]], [[Naples]], and [[Sicily]]. The feudal three-field system remained in use, hampering economic progress for decades. |
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=== Civil unrest and the Independence War (1755-1758) === |
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After losing the [[History of Europe#Great Silesian War (1750-1755)|Great Silesian War]] in 1755, the Kingdom of France decided to raise the taxes on most of their dominions in order to recover from the huge losses after the war. In Sardinia, taxes were raised both for the poorer classes of the population and for the various noblemen on the island. This, combined with the Protest of March 14th, 1756 (which erupted due to the poor management of Sardinian soldiers in the French army), planted the seeds for the successive revolts that would lead to the Independence War. |
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==== Sard War of Independence ==== |
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In April 1756, Charles Boyer was assigned as viceroy of Sardinia. Known for his efficient, yet sometimes cruel, methods of crushing rebellions, he was deemed by the French king as the most fit administrator for Sardinia. As a matter of fact, since the end of March, various protests in the major cities of Sardinia were already happening, with some of them being violent against the French forces. |
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During the [[History of Europe#Great Silesian War (1750-1755)|Great Silesian War]] in 1755, the French rose taxes on the Sard population. They also instituted a system of mandatory conscription, leading to the deaths of many young Sardinian men and several epidemics. The March 14th Protest planted the seeds for the successive revolts that would lead to independence. |
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In April 1755, [[Charles Boyer]] was made Viceroy of Sardinia. Known for his cruel yet efficient regime, his reign merely accelerated the independent of the island. Approximately sixteen months later, Sardinia would finally become a sovereign state once more after 450 years of foreign rule. |
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== Government and Politics == |
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== Demographics == |
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== Culture == |
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== List of leaders == |
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==== House of Mondiverru ==== |
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== See also == |
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{{Nations of the World}} |
{{Nations of the World}} |
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Revision as of 04:55, 26 May 2022
| Sardinia | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom of Sardinia | |
| Sardìgna | |
 | |
 Location of Sardinia | |
| Established | 1756 |
| Capital | Casteddu |
| Largest City | Casteddu |
| Government Type | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Languages | Sard (official) French |
| Currency | Dinai |
Sardinia (Sard: Sardìgna), officially the Kingdom of Sardinia, is an island nation in southern Europe. Part of the Spanish and French empires for centuries, an independent Sard monarchy gained independence in 1756.
History
French period (1700-1756)
France acquired Sardinia in 1700 from the Spanish Habsburgs. The Bourbons felt threatened by the Hispanic nobility of Sardinia and sought to replace them. Over the next three decades, the Hispanic population was gradually expelled. In February 1735, the Baron of Las Plassas Don Antonio Zapata Brondo left the island and took up residence in the capital of Spain, Madrid.
The power vacuum left by the disappearance of the Spanish nobility wasn't adequately taken advantage of by the French aristocracy. This led to the rise of a new Franco-Sard nobility, including the House of Mondiverru, the future ruling house of the island. Sardinia was the poorest of the French dominions in Italy, far beneath Milan, Naples, and Sicily. The feudal three-field system remained in use, hampering economic progress for decades.
Sard War of Independence
During the Great Silesian War in 1755, the French rose taxes on the Sard population. They also instituted a system of mandatory conscription, leading to the deaths of many young Sardinian men and several epidemics. The March 14th Protest planted the seeds for the successive revolts that would lead to independence.
In April 1755, Charles Boyer was made Viceroy of Sardinia. Known for his cruel yet efficient regime, his reign merely accelerated the independent of the island. Approximately sixteen months later, Sardinia would finally become a sovereign state once more after 450 years of foreign rule.
