Serindia: Difference between revisions
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{{Nation|common_name=Serindia|flag=RTL_Flag_of_Serindia.png|map=Locator_Serindia.png|languages=Turki (official) </br> Mandarin </br> Oirat </br> Others|government_type=Monarchy|capital=Turfan|largest_city=Kashgar}} |
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{{Nation |
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|common_name=Serindia |
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|full_name=Khaganate of Serindia |
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|flag=RTL_Flag_of_Serindia.png |
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|map=Locator_Serindia.png |
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|languages= {{unbulleted_list | Uyghur | |
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Mandarin | |
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Kazakh | |
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Oirat | |
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Mongolian}} |
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}} |
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== Etymology == |
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In the Treaty of London (1892), the British and Russians agreed to cease expansion into Central Asia and recognize the newly sovereign state. In the aforementioned Treaty, the state was referred to with the European term [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serindia Serindia], which combines the terms ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serica Seres]'' and India. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The region of what is now Serindia was originally inhabited by Buddhist Indo-European Tocharians. Islam was introduced in the region after the conversion of the Kara-Khanid Khanate. The region was incorporated into the Chinese Empire when it was conquered by the Mongol leader Genghis Khan in the 13th century. By the 17th century, the Manchu Qing dynasty successfully asserted control over the region, defeating the resistance of local tribes. |
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==== Pre-modern period ==== |
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The region of what is now Serindia was originally inhabited by Indo-European and nomadic tribes, who dominated the area until the establishment of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions Chinese protectorate]. Several Iranic, Mongolic, and Turkic kingdoms took root thereafter, often adopting Buddhism. This continued until a century of Tibetan and Chinese control of the region. In the mid-700s, Uyghur and Kirghiz states became dominant for centuries. |
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The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate Afrasyabids] became the first Muslim power in Serindia and was shortly followed by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_Empire Mongol empire]. Several [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate successor khanates] ruled until the early 18th century, when the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate Dzungar Oirats] took over. |
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==== Qing rule ==== |
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===== Dzungar Genocide ===== |
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=== The modern Serindian state === |
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==== Revolt ==== |
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| ⚫ | [[Great Qing|Qing]] control over the region was weakened during the [[Canton War|Canton War (1850-1858)]]. By 1851, local nobleman Külüg Khan began consolidating his power in the Tarim Basin and in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzungaria Pekiang]. He rebelled against the Qing and established a Turkic-led state in the area with him serving as Khan. |
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The Western powers, starting in the 19th century, began to encroach on Qing territory. The Russians advanced from the north and the British extended their influence in Tibet and southern China. Külüg Khan established diplomatic ties with both nations and offered to join the anti-Qing, anti-Dutch coalition. This offer was eventually accepted and resulted in the the [[Treaty of London (1892)]], in which Serindia achieved widespread recognition as a sovereign state. |
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== Geography == |
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==== Regional classification ==== |
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Serindia is considered as either part of Central Asia or East Asia, though many consider it as a cultural, racial, and geographic bridge between the two regions. |
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== Government and Politics == |
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== Demographics == |
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== Culture == |
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== See also == |
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{{Nations of the World}} |
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All the while this was happening, the western powers were starting to encroach on Qing territory, with the Russians to the north and the British taking Tibet from the south. Külüg I established diplomatic ties with both nations and offered to be an ally against the Qing. The Russians and British saw the region as a good buffer zone between them. In the Treaty of London (1892), the British and Russians agreed to cease expansion into Central Asia and recognize the state of the Uighur Khagan. On the treaty, the state was called "Serindia," which combines the terms ''Seres'' (China) and India, refering to its geographical position. It is the namesake of the modern-day state in English sources. |
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Latest revision as of 01:00, 25 February 2022
| Serindia | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Serindia | |
| Capital | Turfan |
| Largest City | Kashgar |
| Government Type | Monarchy |
| Languages | Turki (official) Mandarin Oirat Others |
Serindia is a landlocked nation in Asia, bordering Russia to the north, Turkestan to the west, China to the east, and Tibet to the south.
Etymology
In the Treaty of London (1892), the British and Russians agreed to cease expansion into Central Asia and recognize the newly sovereign state. In the aforementioned Treaty, the state was referred to with the European term Serindia, which combines the terms Seres and India.
History
Pre-modern period
The region of what is now Serindia was originally inhabited by Indo-European and nomadic tribes, who dominated the area until the establishment of a Chinese protectorate. Several Iranic, Mongolic, and Turkic kingdoms took root thereafter, often adopting Buddhism. This continued until a century of Tibetan and Chinese control of the region. In the mid-700s, Uyghur and Kirghiz states became dominant for centuries.
The Afrasyabids became the first Muslim power in Serindia and was shortly followed by the Mongol empire. Several successor khanates ruled until the early 18th century, when the Dzungar Oirats took over.
Qing rule
Dzungar Genocide
The modern Serindian state
Revolt
Qing control over the region was weakened during the Canton War (1850-1858). By 1851, local nobleman Külüg Khan began consolidating his power in the Tarim Basin and in Pekiang. He rebelled against the Qing and established a Turkic-led state in the area with him serving as Khan.
The Great Game
The Western powers, starting in the 19th century, began to encroach on Qing territory. The Russians advanced from the north and the British extended their influence in Tibet and southern China. Külüg Khan established diplomatic ties with both nations and offered to join the anti-Qing, anti-Dutch coalition. This offer was eventually accepted and resulted in the the Treaty of London (1892), in which Serindia achieved widespread recognition as a sovereign state.
Geography
Regional classification
Serindia is considered as either part of Central Asia or East Asia, though many consider it as a cultural, racial, and geographic bridge between the two regions.
Government and Politics
Demographics
Culture
See also
