Philippines: Difference between revisions
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The '''Philippines''' (Spanish: ''Las'' ''Filipinas'', |
The '''Philippines''' (Spanish: ''Las'' ''Filipinas'', Chabacano: ''Pilipinas''), officially the '''Federal Republic of the Philippines''' (Spanish: ''República Federal de Filipinas'', Chabacano: ''Republika Pedral Pilipina''), is an country located in southeast Asia consisting of over 8,400 islands. The Philippines shares a land border with [[Soenda]] in Borneo and maritime boundaries with [[Tauland]], [[Japan]], [[Timor]], and [[China]]. |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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[[File:Philip.jpg|left|thumb| |
[[File:Philip.jpg|left|thumb|221x221px|Philip II of Spain]] |
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Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos |
Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands of Leyte and Samar ''Las Felipinas'' in the 1540s for Crown Prince Philip of [[Spain]]. This name would be extended to all of Spain's possessions in the area soon after. In 1926, Spain officially began referring to the islands as ''The Philippines.'' The current official name of the nation, the Federal Republic, was established in 1936. |
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The country was referred to as ''Panyupayana'' by Indianized states and the Three Islands (Chinese: 三洲) by east Asians. The Philippines' sobriquet is officially the Pearl of the Orient, which is mentioned in the national anthem. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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{{Main|History of the Philippines}} |
{{Main|History of the Philippines}} |
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Contemporary with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius Confucius]' lifetime, the Philippines developed its initial indigenous mercantile and tribal cultures. Contact with various Hindu-Buddhist empires, such as the Pallava and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkasuka Langkasoeka], paved the way for the establishment of sovereign Philippine states influenced by Indian, Islamic, and Malay cultures during the medieval period. Philippine states such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila Manilla], Chinese-influenced [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboloan Kaboloan], Hindu [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajahnate_of_Cebu Cebu], and Islamic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate Ternate] flourished during the precolonial period. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay Balangays] formed the basic unit of several states. Commerce and conflict with [[China]], [[Japan]], the Caliphates, India, Java-based empires, and others continued. |
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Negritos, some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Adoption of Animism, Hinduism and Islam established island-kingdoms called Kedatuans, Lakanates, Rajahnates and Sultanates. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer leading a fleet for Spain, marked the beginning of Spanish colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago ''Las Islas Filipinas'' in honor of Philip II of Spain. The Colonies were governed through the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1565 to 1872 when the Archipelago, along with all of Spain's dependencies and protectorates in Southeast Asia, is reformed and re-established as its own Viceroyalty. During this time, Catholicism became the dominant religion, and Manila became the western hub of trans-Pacific trade. In 1896, the Communard-inspired Katipunan Insurrection began and almost led to the complete overthrow of Spanish rule if not for the Spanish capture and execution of its founder, Mayo de Pag-Asa, and their subsequent strings of victories against the Katipunan in the nine provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Morong, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac. The revolt unofficially ended in October 28, 1897 through the signing of the Treaty of Malolos and the voluntary exile of the remaining Katipunan leadership to Kwongchou, but several katipunan factions would continue fighting on until 1916. The transition to Independence would finally occur after majority voted for Independence in Spain's referendum after its Republican Revolution in 1929. A New Constitution was created and approved by the Spanish Government in a plebiscite on June 12, 1931, with a five-year transitory period to independence.{{Nations of the World}} |
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Ferdinand Magellan reached the Philippines in 1521 and the first Spanish expedition was successful in 1543. In 1569, a Spanish colony was formally established. Numerous revolts and raids against the Spanish occurred until 1590, when the Tondo empire's aristocracy was dismantled and tax protesters were subdued. Over the next two centuries, twenty major revolts were put down. By 1800, the Jesuits established their dominance and the indigenous Catholic Philippine aristocracy began to flourish. By 1860, the Philippines had acquired the sultanate of Ternate, the island of Papua, and the Sulu sultanate's territories in northern Borneo. |
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In 1896, the Communard-inspired [[Katipunan Insurrection]] began and almost ended colonial rule. However, it failed and revolutionary leader Mayo de Pag-Asa was executed. The Treaty of Malolos in 1897 ended the revolt and led to the voluntary exile of the remaining Katipunan leadership to China. In 1929, the bloodless Republican Revolution began the independence process. The Philippine Constitution was created in 1931, and the nationbecame sovereign in 1936. |
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== Government and Politics == |
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== Demographics == |
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==== Ethnicity ==== |
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===== Mestizo identity ===== |
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Around one-third of Filipinos are mestizo - Christianized people of mixed indigenous, European, American, and east Asian ancestry in any proportions. They primarily populate the Luzon archipelago, Zamboanga, Maluku del Norte, and major urban centres around the nation. |
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===== Indigenous ethnicities ===== |
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===== The Moros, Badjaus, and Igorots ===== |
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===== East Asian immigrants ===== |
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==== Language ==== |
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===== Spanish ===== |
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===== Chabacano and other creoles ===== |
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===== Tagalog ===== |
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===== Cebuano ===== |
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===== Other native languages ===== |
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===== Immigrant dialects ===== |
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== Culture == |
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== Religion == |
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== List of leaders == |
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== See also == |
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{{Nations of the World}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:19, 2 April 2022
| Philippines | |
|---|---|
| Federal Republic of the Philippines | |
| República Federal de Filipinas | |
 | |
 Location of Philippines | |
| Motto | "Un país, un alma" |
| Capital | Manila |
| Largest City | Cebu |
| Government Type | Federal republic |
| Languages | Spanish Chabakano Tagalo Cebuano Others |
| Currency | Philippine peso |
The Philippines (Spanish: Las Filipinas, Chabacano: Pilipinas), officially the Federal Republic of the Philippines (Spanish: República Federal de Filipinas, Chabacano: Republika Pedral Pilipina), is an country located in southeast Asia consisting of over 8,400 islands. The Philippines shares a land border with Soenda in Borneo and maritime boundaries with Tauland, Japan, Timor, and China.
Etymology
Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands of Leyte and Samar Las Felipinas in the 1540s for Crown Prince Philip of Spain. This name would be extended to all of Spain's possessions in the area soon after. In 1926, Spain officially began referring to the islands as The Philippines. The current official name of the nation, the Federal Republic, was established in 1936.
The country was referred to as Panyupayana by Indianized states and the Three Islands (Chinese: 三洲) by east Asians. The Philippines' sobriquet is officially the Pearl of the Orient, which is mentioned in the national anthem.
History
Contemporary with Confucius' lifetime, the Philippines developed its initial indigenous mercantile and tribal cultures. Contact with various Hindu-Buddhist empires, such as the Pallava and Langkasoeka, paved the way for the establishment of sovereign Philippine states influenced by Indian, Islamic, and Malay cultures during the medieval period. Philippine states such as Manilla, Chinese-influenced Kaboloan, Hindu Cebu, and Islamic Ternate flourished during the precolonial period. Balangays formed the basic unit of several states. Commerce and conflict with China, Japan, the Caliphates, India, Java-based empires, and others continued.
Ferdinand Magellan reached the Philippines in 1521 and the first Spanish expedition was successful in 1543. In 1569, a Spanish colony was formally established. Numerous revolts and raids against the Spanish occurred until 1590, when the Tondo empire's aristocracy was dismantled and tax protesters were subdued. Over the next two centuries, twenty major revolts were put down. By 1800, the Jesuits established their dominance and the indigenous Catholic Philippine aristocracy began to flourish. By 1860, the Philippines had acquired the sultanate of Ternate, the island of Papua, and the Sulu sultanate's territories in northern Borneo.
In 1896, the Communard-inspired Katipunan Insurrection began and almost ended colonial rule. However, it failed and revolutionary leader Mayo de Pag-Asa was executed. The Treaty of Malolos in 1897 ended the revolt and led to the voluntary exile of the remaining Katipunan leadership to China. In 1929, the bloodless Republican Revolution began the independence process. The Philippine Constitution was created in 1931, and the nationbecame sovereign in 1936.
Government and Politics
Demographics
Ethnicity
Mestizo identity
Around one-third of Filipinos are mestizo - Christianized people of mixed indigenous, European, American, and east Asian ancestry in any proportions. They primarily populate the Luzon archipelago, Zamboanga, Maluku del Norte, and major urban centres around the nation.
