Peru: Difference between revisions
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'''War with Colombia''' |
'''War with Colombia''' |
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'''War of the Pacific''' |
'''War of the Pacific''' |
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Revision as of 20:17, 11 January 2021
| Peru | |
|---|---|
| The Kingdom of Peru | |
| Reino del Perú | |
 | |
| Capital | Cusco |
| Largest City | Lima |
| Population | 42 Million |
| Government Type | Kingdom |
| Area | 2,708,000 km² |
| Languages |
|
| Currency | Peruvian Peso |
Peru; Spanish: Perú; Quechua: Piruw; Aymara: Piruw, officially the Kingdom of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the south by Chile and Carolina, in the north by Colombia and to the east by Brazil, Equador and Paraguay. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains, to the eastern lowlands, to the peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest.
The area that is now Peru was home to many ancient civilizations including the Inca empire and the Norte Chico civilization. The countries population is multiethnic including native Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. Dozens of indigenous languages are spoken in Peru with standardized Peruvian Quechua having co-official status with Spanish and Aymara and Guarani having regional official status in certain provinces.
The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1875, and following the Communard invasion of Spain with former viceroy José Mateo Pérez de Avilés declaring Peruvian independence of Spanish authority in Lima.
History
Spanish Rule
Independence
War with Colombia
War of the Pacific
Government and politics
Peru is a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch and a unicameral parliament and a multi-party system. Since the 1950's the country has maintained a democratic unitary government with a prime minister acting as chief executive with the monarch of Peru acting as head of state, having legislative veto power and appointing one minister of the 14 member executive council of ministers.
Peru is a fairly unitary nation with each administrative region having only powers over cultural, short term planning and municipal matters with the Peruvian constitution dictating the indivisible unity of the Peruvian nation. Each administrative region elects one representatives to serve a 4 year term in the Peruvian parliament.
Administrative divisions
Peru is divided into 54 administrative communities based upon population and history and are renegotiated every 15 years. Additionally the municipal regions of Lima, Arequipa and Santa Cruz are granted a special municipal classification that allows for a slightly higher degree of autonomy from the federal government while the city of Cusco operates under a special capitol district classification.
