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{{Infobox country|demonym=Corean|common_name=Corea|conventional_long_name=Corean National Republic|native_name=대한공민국|image_flag=Nationalist Corea 2.png|capital=Rjoekjang|largest_city=Hansjang|official_languages=[[Corean language|Corean]]|government_type=Unitary [[National republicanism|national republic]]|image_map=RTL Corean National Republic Locator.png|map_width=250px}}
{{Nation|common_name=Corea
|full_name= Republic of Corea
|local_name=대한단국 (Hankoel) <br />大韓檀國 (Handja)<br />Tehantankoek (Keukenkamp)
|flag=Flag_of_Corea.png
|map=locator_corea.png
|established=1980
|motto=
|capital= Pjangjang
|largest_city=Hansjang
|population=
|government_type=Presidential republic
|area=
|languages= Corean (official)
|currency=Corean Wan (CRW)<br /> }}


'''Corea''' (''Hankeol'': 대한단국; ''Handja'': 大韓檀國; ''Keukenkamp'': Tehantankoek) is a country in East Asia. The nation borders [[Russia]] to the north, the Palhe Sea and West Corean Sea to the west, and the Eastern Sea to the east.
'''Corea''', officially the '''Corean National Republic''' (Corean: 대한공민국, 大韓公民國, ''Dêhan-gongmin-goeg'') is a country in east Asia. It shares a land border with [[Poeja]] to the north and maritime boundaries with [[China]] and [[Japan]]. The country was a monarchy under the Djôson dynasty until 1883 and then the [[House of Ki|Sôgwang dynasty]] until 1936, when a [[National republicanism|national republic]] was established.


== History ==
== History ==
{{Main|History of Corea}}


=== Early Modern Corea ===
== Government and Politics ==


== Demographics ==
==== Dutch Influence In Corea and Sjahak ====
One particular region of interest to the Dutch was Corea, ruled by the Tsjosjan dynasty [Hankoel: 조선; Handja: 朝鮮] since 1392. Unlike the Qing, the Tsjosjan dynasty was more receptive to these Western ideals (particularly of the Dutch strain). The majority of the Tsjosjan government openly accepted these ideas in the 18th century. Books, scientific instruments, and most importantly, Christianity, were heavily imported into Corea. This influx of ideas would be known in the Corean language as Sjahak [Hankoel: 서학; Handja: 西學, lit: ''western knowledge''].


== Culture ==
Initially, the Southerner Party [남인, lit. ''nam-in''] supported Sjahak in opposition to the rigid Neo-Confucian Sarim Party [사림, lit. ''sarim'']. After Crown Prince Sohyeon [소현세자] became King Sangtsjong [성종, r. 1649-1690] in 1649, the progressive pro-Qing, pro-Dutch political coalition gradually split. The intellectual Confucian Silhak [실학, lit. ''practical knowledge''] school focused on applying Western knowledge into Corean life, while the Sjinsa Party [신서파, lit. ''new Western faction''] mainly consisted of aristocrats and took a keen interest in modern economics and Christian culture.
{{Main|Corean language}}


== List of leaders ==
Dutch influence in Corea became firmly rooted in the southern city of Poesjan (OTL Busan). King Hjandjo [현조, r. 1704-1724] would later give Yeong Island off the coast of Poesjan to the Dutch East India Company in 1710. It would eventually expand to include all of modern Poesjan by 1840.
{{Main|List of leaders of Corea}}


== See also ==
The Dutch Empire's bond with Corea is often claimed to have been stronger than that with the Qing. In the mid-to-late-1800s, many young Corean aristocrats would be sent to study in Amsterdam, and would later serve in scientific or prestigious civil service posts in Corea. This led to the nation's thorough industrialization and helped the Corean peninsula become one of the hubs for innovation for Asia. There was a huge cultural exchange between the Batavosphere and Corea. In 1854, a Dutch missionary had invented a romanization system for the Corean language, based entirely on Dutch orthography, which is still in use today.

==== The Gyemi Coup and the Founding of Sjakwang (1883) ====
During the [[History of Europe#Wars of Dutch Humiliation (1850-1857)|War of Dutch Humiliation (1850-1857)]], the Coreans fought alongside the Dutch against rebel forces in the Canton region of the Qing Empire. Eight years after the war ended, King Kjangdo [경조] of Corea died and was replaced by his son, Hjodjang [효종], a more conservative ruler. He had blamed the Sjahak tradition as the primary cause of the Qing's fall. In 1868, Hjodjang declared a complete reversal of Corea's embracement of the Sjahak and reinstated Neo-Confucian governance. Dutch missionaries were expelled and pro-Sjahak advisors in the king's court were exiled. In 1875, Hjodjang doubled down and issued the censorship of foreign books and the persecution of Corean Christians. This period was known as the Oelhe Repression [Handja: 乙亥壓迫 lit. ''pressure of the earth pig year''].

These policies did not sit well with the Amsterdam-educated Corean youth. In 1883, a coup d'etat was launched against Hjosdjang during the Gyemi year. The Tsjosjan dynasty was removed from power and a new dynasty came into power, declaring the new state of Sjakwang (Hankoel: 서광; Handja: 曙光; lit: m''orning light''), led by Tedjo the Great [태조, lit. ''great founder'']. King Tedjo went as far as claiming that the Qing had lost their Mandate of Heaven and ended the Sade policy [사대, lit. subservience (to China)].

==== Sino-Corean War (1886-1888) ====
The Qing state, now severely weakened by internal strife, did not like what was happening in Corea. They decide to intervene in the Corean situation. Believing that the Coreans had strayed further away from Qing influence, the Qing state decides to send whatever troops they had left and restore order in Corea, a rash and ill-fated decision that would cost them their entire empire. This marks the beginning of the Sino-Corean War.

Expectedly, the odds were not in the Qing's favor. The Qing once again requests their Dutch allies to intervene. This time, however, no Dutch reinforcements were coming to their aid. The Qing were alone in the fight against Corea.

It was later uncovered that King Tedjo had secured a secret pact with the Dutch a year earlier and got them to promise not to intervene in any case of Qing aggression. Furthermore, the new Corean state had secured the support of the Russians. Russian and Dutch support fueled the Corean war effort. The war ended with the Treaty of Peking (1888), with Manchuria partitioned between Corea and the Russians.

Shortly after, Tedjo established the Kingdom of Poeja [Hankoel: 부여; Handja: 夫餘], borrowing the name from the ancient Corean kingdom of Poeja. He installed his brother, Tedjong, as the king of Poeja. In 1889, Tedjo declared the Corea's imperial status and stylised himself as the Emperor of Corea and King of Poeja.

In response to Corean aggression, Russia annexed northern Manchuria to prevent further Corean expansion. In 1889, Corea and Russia signed the Treaty of Kirim, in which each party promised not to expand into China any further.

=== 20th Century ===

==== Second Sino-Corean War (1931) and the Kingdom of Haboek ====
In 1931, a revolution struck the Kingdom of Canton. The monarchy of Canton was overthrown and was replaced with a republican government. News spread to all of East Asia, and Corea began worrying that this republican pan-Chinese nationalist movement would spread to the northern Chinese states. The new Corean emperor, the sickly Hjodjo [효조], only a decade into his reign, decides to protect Corean interest. To achieve this, Hjodjo orders the invasion of Hebei province of the Qing state. He had hoped that this invasion would turn the public away from his "sickly" figure and instead celebrate him as a hero. This was in direct violation of the Treaty of Kirim, but the Emperor hoped that the Russians wouldn't intervene because of the recent economic crisis and the recent [[Russian Revolution]].

Corean forces marched into Hebei and occupied the province with minimal resistance. The Qing emperor was forced to sign the instrument of surrender, ceding all power in Hebei to the Corean Emperor. This victory was celebrated by the citizens of Corea. On the 17th of September 1931, the Emperor declared the creation of the Kingdom of Haboek (하북, lit: ''Hebei'') and installed his brother as King.

==== Russo-Corean War (part of the Great War) ====
=== The Republic of Corea (1980-) ===
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Latest revision as of 21:55, 23 August 2023

Corean National Republic

대한공민국
Flag of Corea
Flag
Location of Corea
CapitalRjoekjang
Largest cityHansjang
Official languagesCorean
DemonymCorean
GovernmentUnitary national republic

Corea, officially the Corean National Republic (Corean: 대한공민국, 大韓公民國, Dêhan-gongmin-goeg) is a country in east Asia. It shares a land border with Poeja to the north and maritime boundaries with China and Japan. The country was a monarchy under the Djôson dynasty until 1883 and then the Sôgwang dynasty until 1936, when a national republic was established.

History

Main article: History of Corea

Government and Politics

Demographics

Culture

Main article: Corean language

List of leaders

Main article: List of leaders of Corea

See also


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