Russia

Russia (Cyrillic: Россия), officially the Russian National Republic, is a transcontinental county spanning from Eastern Europe to Northern Asia. It is one of the largest countries in the world by area and has one of the largest populations. It borders several countries including Mongolia, Turkestan, Persia, & Poland.

Russian National Republic Российская Государственная Республика
Flag
Capital	Moscow
Official languages	Russian
Recognised regional languages	Tatar Bashkir Estonian Lettish Lithuanian Circassian Buryat Yakut Several others
Ethnic groups (1960)	84% Slavs 5% Turkic peoples 1% Balts 10% Others
Government	Federation of national republics

History

Main article: History of Russia

In the early 17th century, the Romanov dynasty took control of the Russian state, with Michael I being crowned Tsar. Russia began expanding east at an unprecedented rate. During the Silesian War, Russia indirectly cooperated with the Anglo-Austrian coalition against Prussia, being awarded the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia in the treaty of 1755.

In the late 18th century, Russia began expanding further into the Pacific, forming the Kurile Island Company in 1788 and establishing dominance of what would become Alyeska. In 1832, the Russo-Dutch Treaty established the border between Russian and Dutch colonies in North America. During the Augustine Wars of the 1810s, Russia expanded into Circassia and began a new wave of invasions against Persia.

Russia participated in the 1832-1834 partition of Poland, gaining Baltic territories and subsequently increasing their ability to exert influence in Europe. After many failed attempts to further exert their influence eastwards, the Pacific Company was established in 1861 and maintained a steady hold on Russian America for decades to come. Russia also came to rival the British empire in Asia, resulting in the eventual formation of buffer states like Mongolia and Serindia.

In the 1860s, the fragile Tsar Alexander III and his Romanov dynasty was steadily overshadowed by his Dutch nephew-in-law Henry-Williams. The death of Alexander III in 1867 provoked a crisis of succession, leading to Henry-Williams triumphing over the ill and unpopular heir presumptive, Prince Ivan. Co-ruling with his Romanov wife Anna Petrovna, they founded the House of Orange-Romanov, which would come to rule the empire for six decades. They became known as the Orthodox Monarchs of Russia and would revitalize Russia through a series of reforms and wars. The Trans-Siberian Railway was soon constructed in order to rapidly advance the industrialization and militarization of the Siberian provinces. In 1868, the Russian empire annexed Ainu Mosir, an anti-Japanese revolutionary client state which Russia backed in the 1830s.

The new regime focused on expansion south and east rather than expansion west. The Russo-Ottoman War of 1884 pushed the Ottoman Empire out of Russia's sphere of influence, confining their European territories to those of modern Rumelia and expelling them from the Khanate of Crimea. The viceroyalties of Transpruthenia and Crimea were created soon after, finalizing Russia's penetration south towards the Ottomans. Russia's relationship with Austria deteriorated after the war due to false promises of territories, which would eventually manifest in violence in the 20th century.

In the 1920s, the European Economic Crisis triggered an economic depression, foreshadowed by decades of failing policies and cultural upheaval. Several nationalist and republican political factions which formed prior to the Crisis became immensely popular with the Russian public; the main organ of this revolution was the Republican Congress. Orkhonist rebels declared independence from Russia in 1924. In 1925, the Orange-Romanov monarchy was toppled, making way for internal divides within the revolutionaries. The liberal Republican Parliament and the Vosstanist National Congress rose to oppose each other, leading to a two-year civil war. By 1928, the Vosstanists defeated the Tricolour Army of the Parliament, firmly establishing national republican control over Russia and making history as the first successful national republic. The Vosstanist government rapidly initiated a series of administrative reforms, abolishing the old imperials state and creating a novel republican system of government. Anastaze 'Ozero' Murmsky, a firebrand revolutionary, and first Chairman of the Republic, oversaw many of these projects and is subsequently recognized as the father of modern Russia.

In 1932, Russia, along with Japan and China, declared war against the burgeoning empire of Corea. Ending in 1935, the war resulted in the annexation of Poeja and an assertion of Russian influence in northeast Asia. The same year, Russia entered the Great War in the spring of 1935 when the Ottoman Empire declared war against them. Russia joined the United Kingdom, Portugal, and others in forming the Cordial League. In 1936, Tripartite League forces laid siege to the city of Kiev for months. Chairman Ozero was forced to sign the Treaty of Akmolinsk in 1937, granting independence to the new Orkhonist state of Turkestan. Also in 1937, the Russo-Ottoman Compromise created the Rumelian National Republic and made Constantinople a Russo-Rumelian condominium. Russia's claims were formally acknowledged in the Congress of Amsterdam.

Ozero, leader of the country for nearly two decades, dies in 1943 and is temporarily succeeded by pragmatist Mikhail Orlov. Semyon Kiselev becomes Chairman in 1958.

Government and Politics

In the 1920s, the new National Republican government led a sweeping administrative reorganization campaign. Most viceroyalties, and other similar autonomies of the Russian Empire were transformed into autonomous national republics (ANR), internal nation-states dependent on the central administration. Civilian government was removed, and all power came from the Chairman and the National Republican Party.

National Government

• Chairman: the Chairman, usually the head of the National Republican Party, is the apex leader of the nation.
• Committee of National Affairs (CNA): The CNA is composed of 10 members appointed by the party and approved by the chairman. Members of the CNA write the laws and enact decrees along with the chairman.
• National Congress: The National Congress is a body of representatives from the governorates and autonomous national republics that meet infrequently. The representatives voice out concerns before the CNA, as well as other subnational affairs. They only serve an advisory role and does not directly influence the national government. They do not have a regular period of convention, and is only convened at the behest of the CNA and the chairman.

Governorates

• A Governorate is the first-level subnational administrative divisions of Russia. Governorates are led by Governor-Generals, which are appointed by the Committee of National Affairs (CNA). The Governor-Generals are the representatives to the National Congress. A governorate is further divided into Uezds.

Autonomous National Republics

ANRs are semi-autonomous nationalist republics modeled after the Russian National Republic. ANRs were not sovereign and independent nations, and therefore had no international representation and recognition, and was instead part of the Russian National Republic. Examples of ANRs are Circassia and Transcaucasia.

• Chairman: similarly to the national government, the autonomous national republics are ruled by chairmen.
• Committee of Internal Affairs (CIA): the CIA is the equivalent of the Committee of National Affairs for the ANRs. They can pass local laws, but have to be approved by the CNA. Its members are also selected by the local national republican party, but has to be approved by the CNA.

Sister Republics

Sister republics were nominally independent and sovereign states. They have their own government modeled after the Russian National Republic. However, unlike ANRs, they were not politically bound to the Russian National Republic. Most of the SRs created maintained close economic, military, and diplomatic ties with the Russian Nationalist Government. Examples of SRs include the Ainu National Republic.

Outside of the former Russian Empire's territories, the definition of a "Sister Republic" was loosely defined. Some states that describe themselves as Nationalist-Republican consider themselves as sister republics of Russia, while others refrained the use of the term as it implies Russian suzerainty

List of leaders

List of monarchs

Name	Reign		Dynasty	Notes
Alexis	1645	1676	Romanov
Alexander III	1844	1867
Henry-Williams	1867	1903	Orange-Nassau
Peter III	1903	1925	Orange-Romanov
Pretenders
Peter III	1925	1939	Orange-Romanov
Michael II	1939	1952
Alexander IV	1952	1953
Henry-Jacob	1953	1977

Chairmen of the National Republic

Name	Term of office		Duration	Notes
Anastaze 'Ozero' Murmsky	1926	1943	17 years
Mikhail Orlov	1943	1947	4 years	Interim leader
Semyon Kiselev	1947	1958	11 years
Ilya Semyonovich Kiselev	1958