Decolonization: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!1855
!1855
|[[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|{{flagdeco|NED}} [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|[[Cape Republic]]
|[[Cape Republic]]
|Declared & won independence from the Dutch.
|Declared & won independence from the Dutch.
|-
|-
!1938
!1938
|[[France]]
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[France]]
|[[Kirignaga-Loloue]]
|[[Kirignaga-Loloue]]
|Declared in 1938 by the ''Parti Communard de Kirignaga.'' Merger of the French colonies of Kirignaga and Loloue in East Africa.
|Declared in 1938 by the ''Parti Communard de Kirignaga.'' Merger of the French colonies of Kirignaga and Loloue in East Africa.
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |1939
! rowspan="2" |1939
| rowspan="2" |[[France]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[France]]
|[[Abyssinia]]
|[[Abyssinia]]
| rowspan="2" |France forced to recognize the independence of its former east African colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
| rowspan="2" |France forced to recognize the independence of its former east African colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
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|-
|-
!1942
!1942
|[[Britain]] and [[Portugal]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]] and [[Portugal]]
|[[Malagasy National Republic]]
|[[Malagasy National Republic]]
|Established in 1942, the Malagasy Nat. Rep. would fight against the British and Portuguese, and their Sackalava and St. Lucian allies until they gain full control of the island in 1949.
|Established in 1942, the Malagasy Nat. Rep. would fight against the British and Portuguese, and their Sackalava and St. Lucian allies until they gain full control of the island in 1949.
|-
|-
!1943
!1943
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Umongo]]
|[[Umongo]]
|Also known as the Mongo National Republic. Formerly the British Mongoland Protectorate.
|Also known as the Mongo National Republic. Formerly the British Mongoland Protectorate.
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|-
|-
!1949
!1949
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Natalia]]
|[[Natalia]]
|Formerly the Natal Colony. Natalia was given the mandate of the Cislikwa protectorates.
|Formerly the Natal Colony. Natalia was given the mandate of the Cislikwa protectorates.
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|-
|-
!1953
!1953
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Congolese Federation|Congo Federation]]
|[[Congolese Federation|Congo Federation]]
|A federation consolidating the former colony of British Congo, and the Baboaland and Legaland protectorates. The new state would soon fall under a British-backed dictatorship.
|A federation consolidating the former colony of British Congo, and the Baboaland and Legaland protectorates. The new state would soon fall under a British-backed dictatorship.
|-
|-
!1953
!1953
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|Gambia
|Gambia
|Gained independence as a republic.
|Gained independence as a republic.
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |1957
! rowspan="2" |1957
| rowspan="2" |[[Britain]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|Algeria
|Algeria
| rowspan="2" |Gained dominionship as separate entities.
| rowspan="2" |Gained dominionship as separate entities.
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|-
|-
!1958
!1958
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Equatoria]]
|[[Equatoria]]
|British dominion.
|British dominion.
|-
|-
!1958
!1958
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Sierra Leone]]
|[[Sierra Leone]]
|
|
|-
|-
!1959
!1959
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Manden|Dominion of Mandeland]]
|[[Manden|Dominion of Mandeland]]
|The Colony of Mandeland becomes a self-governing dominion.
|The Colony of Mandeland becomes a self-governing dominion.
|-
|-
!1960
!1960
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[East Africa]]
|[[East Africa]]
|Formerly British East Africa.
|Formerly British East Africa.
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|-
|-
!1961
!1961
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|Republic of [[Gimbala]]
|Republic of [[Gimbala]]
|
|
|-
|-
!1961
!1961
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|Sultanate of Dar Runga
|Sultanate of Dar Runga
|
|
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|-
|-
!1962
!1962
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Salvatia]]
|[[Salvatia]]
|The Colony of Salvatia becomes a self-governing dominion under the influence of the Anglican Salvatian elite.
|The Colony of Salvatia becomes a self-governing dominion under the influence of the Anglican Salvatian elite.
|-
|-
!1962
!1962
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Soudan]] (then known as Nubia)
|[[Soudan]] (then known as Nubia)
|Gained independence as a liberal republic, but soon fell under a Russian-backed dictatorship.
|Gained independence as a liberal republic, but soon fell under a Russian-backed dictatorship.
|-
|-
!1964
!1964
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Manden|United States of Manden]]
|[[Manden|United States of Manden]]
|The Dominion gains full sovereignty as a republic.
|The Dominion gains full sovereignty as a republic.
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|-
|-
!1795
!1795
|[[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|{{flagdeco|NED}} The[[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|[[Netherlands]]
|[[Netherlands]]
|Declared independence in response to Prince William V's orders to hand over sovereignty to Great Britain during the French occupation of the Netherlands
|Declared independence in response to Prince William V's orders to hand over sovereignty to Great Britain during the French occupation of the Netherlands
|-
|-
!1793
!1793
|[[France]]
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[France]]
|[[New France|Kingdom of France in the Americas (New France)]]
|[[New France|Kingdom of France in the Americas (New France)]]
|Established as the Bourbon Kingdom of France in exile. Recognized the republic of France in 1883.
|Established as the Bourbon Kingdom of France in exile. Recognized the republic of France in 1883.
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|-
|-
!1852
!1852
|[[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Virginia]]
|Declared independence from Great Britain during the 2nd Anglo-Virginian war.
|Declared independence from Great Britain during the 2nd Anglo-Virginian war.
|-
|-
!1855
!1855
|[[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|{{flagdeco|NED}} [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|[[South Tussenland]]
|[[South Tussenland]]
|Established during the South Tussenland Revolution amid the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war after a successful slave revolt.
|Established during the South Tussenland Revolution amid the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war after a successful slave revolt.
|-
|-
!1861
!1861
|[[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|{{flagdeco|NED}} [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|The Netherlands]]
|[[Tussenland|Dominion of Tussenland]]
|[[Tussenland|Dominion of Tussenland]]
|Established as a self governing dominion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1861 after the Tussenland upheavals. In 1905 with the writing of a new constitution, declared full independence and cut ties with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
|Established as a self governing dominion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1861 after the Tussenland upheavals. In 1905 with the writing of a new constitution, declared full independence and cut ties with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
|-
|-
!1861
!1861
|[[France]]
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[France]]
|[[Saint-Domingue]]
|[[Saint-Domingue]]
|Declared independence in 1861, recognized by France in 1862.
|Declared independence in 1861, recognized by France in 1862.
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|-
|-
!1914
!1914
|[[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|[[New England]]
|[[New England]]
|Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act. Severed ties with the crown and Great Britain in 1937.
|Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act. Severed ties with the crown and Great Britain in 1937.
|-
|-
!1914
!1914
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Carolina]]
|[[Carolina]]
|Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act.
|Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act.
|-
|-
!1948
!1948
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Guiana]]
|[[Guiana]]
|Established as a self-governing dominion.
|Established as a self-governing dominion.
|-
|-
!1949
!1949
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands|Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands (BTC)]]
|[[Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands|Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands (BTC)]]
|
|
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|-
|-
!1956
!1956
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[West Indies Union]]
|[[West Indies Union]]
|Martinique and other Francophone islands would later secede and form the [[Antilles Federation]] in 1963.
|Martinique and other Francophone islands would later secede and form the [[Antilles Federation]] in 1963.
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|-
|-
!1938
!1938
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Jambudweep]]
|[[Jambudweep]]
|The Republic of Jambudweep was declared in 1939 in the midst of the [[Great War]]. Their war for independence was fought from 1938 until Britain recognized their independence in 1944.
|The Republic of Jambudweep was declared in 1939 in the midst of the [[Great War]]. Their war for independence was fought from 1938 until Britain recognized their independence in 1944.
|-
|-
!1938
!1938
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Erawati]]
|[[Erawati]]
|Formerly the Konbaung Protectorate (Burma). Declared independence during the [[Great War]] with Siamese and nominal Russian support.
|Formerly the Konbaung Protectorate (Burma). Declared independence during the [[Great War]] with Siamese and nominal Russian support.
|-
|-
! rowspan="5" |1939
! rowspan="5" |1939
| rowspan="5" |[[Britain]]
| rowspan="5" |{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Tibet]]
|[[Tibet]]
| rowspan="5" |Declared independence in 1939 in the wake of the weakening British presence in India.
| rowspan="5" |Declared independence in 1939 in the wake of the weakening British presence in India.
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|-
|-
!1939
!1939
|[[France]]
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[France]]
|[[Kampuchea]]
|[[Kampuchea]]
|France forced to recognize the independence of its former Asian colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
|France forced to recognize the independence of its former Asian colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
|-
|-
!1940
!1940
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Balochistan]]
|[[Balochistan]]
|A Balochi khanate led by the Khan of Kalat. Independence was recognized by Britain on 4 March 1940.
|A Balochi khanate led by the Khan of Kalat. Independence was recognized by Britain on 4 March 1940.
|-
|-
!1944
!1944
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Carnatic]]
|[[Carnatic]]
|
|
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|-
|-
!1925
!1925
|[[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[United Kingdom|Britain]]
|Dominion of Ireland
|Dominion of Ireland
|Established as a self-governing dominion under the British crown.
|Established as a self-governing dominion under the British crown.
|-
|-
!1945
!1945
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Iceland]]
|[[Iceland]]
|
|
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|-
|-
!1936
!1936
|France
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} France
|[[Australie]]
|[[Australie]]
|Declared independence during the [[Great War]]. Officially recognized by France in the Congress of Amsterdam (1939).
|Declared independence during the [[Great War]]. Officially recognized by France in the Congress of Amsterdam (1939).
|-
|-
!1948
!1948
|[[Britain]]
|{{flagdeco|GBR}} [[Britain]]
|[[Georgia]]
|[[Georgia]]
|Established as a self-governing dominion.
|Established as a self-governing dominion.

Revision as of 11:27, 19 July 2022

Decolonization is the process by which subjects of colonial powers gain independence. The first major wave of decolonization began in the 19th century with the dismantling of the Spanish Empire and continued throughout to the Silent War era.

Timeline

Africa

Date Colonizer New entity Description
1855 The Netherlands Cape Republic Declared & won independence from the Dutch.
1938 France Kirignaga-Loloue Declared in 1938 by the Parti Communard de Kirignaga. Merger of the French colonies of Kirignaga and Loloue in East Africa.
1939 France Abyssinia France forced to recognize the independence of its former east African colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
Somalia
1942 Britain and Portugal Malagasy National Republic Established in 1942, the Malagasy Nat. Rep. would fight against the British and Portuguese, and their Sackalava and St. Lucian allies until they gain full control of the island in 1949.
1943 Britain Umongo Also known as the Mongo National Republic. Formerly the British Mongoland Protectorate.
1945 Britain Uruwa Also known as the Luba National Republic. Formerly the British Lubaland Protectorate.
1948 Sweden Guinean Union Formerly Swedish Guinea. Gained independence as a federation, at the behest of the Swedish Republican government, following the abolition of the Swedish monarchy.
1949 Britain Natalia Formerly the Natal Colony. Natalia was given the mandate of the Cislikwa protectorates.
1953 Genoa Genoese Guinea joins Guinean Union
1953 Britain Congo Federation A federation consolidating the former colony of British Congo, and the Baboaland and Legaland protectorates. The new state would soon fall under a British-backed dictatorship.
1953 Britain Gambia Gained independence as a republic.
1957 Britain Algeria Gained dominionship as separate entities.
Numidia
1958 Britain Equatoria British dominion.
1958 Britain Sierra Leone
1959 Britain Dominion of Mandeland The Colony of Mandeland becomes a self-governing dominion.
1960 Britain East Africa Formerly British East Africa.
1961 Portugal Kongo
1961 Britain Republic of Gimbala
1961 Britain Sultanate of Dar Runga
1961 Portugal Borgu Formerly Portuguese Guinea. The colony was split into Borgu and Iorubaland.
Iorubaland
1962 Britain Salvatia The Colony of Salvatia becomes a self-governing dominion under the influence of the Anglican Salvatian elite.
1962 Britain Soudan (then known as Nubia) Gained independence as a liberal republic, but soon fell under a Russian-backed dictatorship.
1964 Britain United States of Manden The Dominion gains full sovereignty as a republic.
1964 East Africa Unyamwezi Established at the end of the Nyamwezi revolts (1957-1964) that ended in their independence as the Nyamwezi National Republic (or Unyamwezi).
1964 Portugal Urunda The inland Portuguese Zambezian protectorates gain independence through the Zambezian accords, signed in 1961.
Columbemba
Maravi
Rozvi
Butua
Barotseland
1956 Spain Spanish Guinea joins Iorubaland

Americas

Date Colonizer New entity Description
1795 TheNetherlands Netherlands Declared independence in response to Prince William V's orders to hand over sovereignty to Great Britain during the French occupation of the Netherlands
1793 France Kingdom of France in the Americas (New France) Established as the Bourbon Kingdom of France in exile. Recognized the republic of France in 1883.
1839 Spain Paraguay Established as an independent republic in 1839, recognized as independent by Spain in 1846.
1842 Spain Colombia Established as an independent republic after the Colombian revolution.
1845 Portugal Bahia Republic Declared independence in 1836 but recognized by Portugal in 1845.
1846 Portugal Riograndense Republic Recognized by treaty in 1846.
1852 Britain Virginia Declared independence from Great Britain during the 2nd Anglo-Virginian war.
1855 The Netherlands South Tussenland Established during the South Tussenland Revolution amid the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war after a successful slave revolt.
1861 The Netherlands Dominion of Tussenland Established as a self governing dominion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1861 after the Tussenland upheavals. In 1905 with the writing of a new constitution, declared full independence and cut ties with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1861 France Saint-Domingue Declared independence in 1861, recognized by France in 1862.
1881 Spain Mexico Former Viceroy of New Spain, Jorge González de Güemes y Horcasitas declared the Empire of Mexico following a popular coup.
1914 Britain New England Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act. Severed ties with the crown and Great Britain in 1937.
1914 Britain Carolina Established as a self-governing commonwealth by the Home Rule in America Act.
1948 Britain Guiana Established as a self-governing dominion.
1949 Britain Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands (BTC)
1952 Genoa Mahe joins Carnatic
1956 Britain West Indies Union Martinique and other Francophone islands would later secede and form the Antilles Federation in 1963.

Asia

Date Colonizer New entity Description
1938 Britain Jambudweep The Republic of Jambudweep was declared in 1939 in the midst of the Great War. Their war for independence was fought from 1938 until Britain recognized their independence in 1944.
1938 Britain Erawati Formerly the Konbaung Protectorate (Burma). Declared independence during the Great War with Siamese and nominal Russian support.
1939 Britain Tibet Declared independence in 1939 in the wake of the weakening British presence in India.
Nepal
Kamarupa
Bhotan
Sikkim
1939 France Kampuchea France forced to recognize the independence of its former Asian colonies in the aftermath of the Great War.
1940 Britain Balochistan A Balochi khanate led by the Khan of Kalat. Independence was recognized by Britain on 4 March 1940.
1944 Britain Carnatic

Europe

Date Colonizer New entity Description
1925 Britain Dominion of Ireland Established as a self-governing dominion under the British crown.
1945 Britain Iceland

Oceania

Date Colonizer New entity Description
1936 France Australie Declared independence during the Great War. Officially recognized by France in the Congress of Amsterdam (1939).
1948 Britain Georgia Established as a self-governing dominion.
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