List of leaders of New Netherland

New Netherland is the twelfth European colony in the Americas which has morphed into a modern state.

This is a list that encompasses the heads of state and of government of New Netherland from the country's foundation in 1624 to present day.

Till 1796, the colony was ruled by a series of Director-Generals. Following the 1656 Municipal Charter, New Netherland had gained increased autonomy, allowing its citizens to have greater influence in the selection of the Director-General, who ultimately was subject to the Stadtholder of the Netherlands. The Autumn War of the 1790s gave the country its independence, replacing the position of Director-General with New Netherland's own stadtholder. These stadtholders were exclusively from and appointed by the Patroon Council, the main executive organ of the state. The Republican Revolution of 1903 established a democratically elected head of state and government, the Grand Pensionary (also known as the Raedpensionaris), named after the Dutch Republic's head of state.

Director-Generals: 1624–1796

Nº	Portrait	Name	Term	Era	Stadtholder
1		Cornelius Jacobsen May (fl. 1600s)	1624–1625	Pre-Charter	Maurice I
2		William Verhulst (fl. 1600s)	1625–1626		Frederick Henry
3		Peter Minuit (1580–1638)	1626–1631
4		Sebastian Jansen Crol (1595–1674)	1632–1633
5		Wouter van Twiller (1606–1654)	1633–1638
6		William Kieft (1597–1647)	1638–1647
7		Peter Stuyvesant (c. 1610–1669)	1647–1655		William II
					First Stadholderless period
8		Adriaen van der Donck (c. 1618–1660)	1656–1660	Post-Charter
9		Paulus Leendertz van der Grift (1613–1680)	1660–1664
10		Jacob van Couwenhoven (1612–1674)	1664–1670
11		Oloff Stevensz van Cortlandt (1615–1687)	1670–1676
					William III
12		Cornelius Steenwyck (1626–1683)	1676–1679
13		John Evertsen Bout (1603–1683)	1679–1683
14		Jochem Andriesen (1647–1710)	1683–1692
15		Nicolaes Zacutto (1665–1710)	1692–1697
16		Frederick Blickhuysen (1657–1706)	1697–1701
17		Hendrick van Renssaeler (1666–1741)	1701–1708
18		William Le Moyne (1663–1729)	1708–1709
19		Theodorus Ketelhuyn (1657–1736)	1709–1712	Ketelhuyn era
20		Herman Thomassen Allerton (1673–1740)	1712–1714
21		Martin van Heemskerck (1659–1728)	1714–1726
22		Hendrick de Bisschop (1661–1731)	1726–1728
23		Matthias de la Croix (1689–1746)	1728–1733
24		Hendrick van Woggelum (1681–1740)	1733–1737	Sassafras era
25		William Valentine (1696–1773)	1737–1741
26		Egbert Muylenburg (1688–1755)	1741–1748
27		J. Pieter Swartwout (1702–1760)	1748–1750
28		Hans Theodor Adams (1707–1799)	1750–1766
29		Leonard Evertsen Bout (1710–1773)	1766–1767
30		William van Texel (1714–1789)	1767–1769
31		Raymond Koopman (1735–1804)	1769–1773
32		Arnoldus van Gelderen (1722–1790)	1773–1779	Titanomachy
33		Carolus Carmen (1747–1829)	1779–1782
34		Kiliaen van Renssaeler III (1736–1802)	1782–1785
35		Sibren van Heemskerck (1751–1800)	1785–1792
36		Eleazar Henrÿcksz (1759–1797)	1792–1796

Stadtholders: 1796–1903

Nº	Portrait	Name	Term	Affiliation	Era
1		Marÿn van der Beeke (1757–1811)	1796–1811		Foundation era
2		Isaac Kuyter (1762–1822)	1811–1822
3		Hendrick I (1765–1836)	1822–1836		Ackerhuys regime
4		Hendrick II (1789–1867)	1836–1855
5		Lodewÿck (1812–1870)	1855–1870
6		Herman de Carpentier (1826–1894)	1870–1874		Second Constitution
7		Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer (1831–1883)	1874–1876
8		Johan de Kleyn (1840–1913)	1876–1880
9		Albertus May (1816–1884)	1880–1884
10		Carel van Twiller (1852–1928)	1884–1888
11		Quincey van Moock (1841–1925)	1888–1900
12	Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau	Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau (1866–1950)	1900–1903

Grand Pensionaries: from 1903

Nº	Portrait	Name	Term	Affiliation	Era
1	Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau	Mees van Haerst (1867–1936)	1903–1911	Unity Party	Haerst era
2		Magnus Bartelsz (1870–1952)	1911–1919	Progressive Party	Golden era
3		Johannes Karsen (1869–1930)	1919–1923
4		Maurits Thomas Hudson (1878–1949)	1923–1927
5		Christiaen Huysman (1885–1971)	1927–1931	Free Destiny Party
6	RTL_Jan_Kaspar_Knip.jpg	Jan Kaspar Knip (1897–1981)	1931–1939
7		Abraham Boot (1897–1963)	1939–1943		Post-war period
8		Frank Zuylen (1893–1949)	1943–1947	United Patriotic Front (Unity Party, National Republican Party, etc.)
9		Edgar Güman (1902–1973)	1947–1955	Güman Bloc (Free Destiny Party, Labor Party)	Güman era
10		Marieke Güman (1913–1987)	1955–1964
11		S. S. de Haese (b. 1927)	1964-1971	Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven	Zeyven Party era
12		Cornelis Holowatie	1971-1974	Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven	Zeyven Party era

Notes

1. ^ Nicolaes Zacutto is the first New Netherland leader to have been born in the country. He is the descendant of Portuguese Jewish immigrants from the failed Dutch colony of New Holland (1630–1654, modern Pernambuco).