List of leaders of New Netherland: Difference between revisions

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[[File:1650 New Netherland Map.jpg|thumb|275x275px|New Netherland is the twelfth European colony in the Americas which has morphed into a modern state.]]{{Hatnote|This is a list of leaders in post-independence New Netherland. For the list of colonial leaders, see [[List of Director-Generals of New Netherland]].}}
{{Hatnote|This is a list of leaders of post-1796, independent New Netherland. For a list of colonial leaders, see the [[List_of_Director-Generals_of_New_Netherland|list of Director-Generals]].}}
This is a list that encompasses the heads of state and of government of [[New Netherland]] from the country's independence from the [[Netherlands]] in 1796 until present day.


Until 1796, the colony was ruled by a series of Director-Generals. The Autumn War of the 1790s gave the country its independence, replacing the position of Director-General with New Netherland's own stadtholder. These stadtholders were exclusively from and appointed by the Patroon Council, the main executive organ of the state. The Republican Revolution of 1903 established a democratically elected head of state and government, the Grand Pensionary (also known as the ''raedpensionaris''), named after the Dutch Republic's head of state.
Since [[New Netherland]]'s Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-[[Augustine Wars|Augustine]] United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary ([[Amerikaens]]: ''Raedpensionaris'') as the popularly elected head of state of the nation.

== Director–Generals: 1624–1796 ==
{{Main|List of Director-Generals of New Netherland}}


== Stadtholders: 1796–1903 ==
== Stadtholders: 1796–1903 ==
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|-
|-
|1
|1
|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless|313x313px]]
|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless|188x188px]]
|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<small>(1757–1811)</small>
|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<br><small>(1757–1811)</small>
|1796–1811
|1796–1811
|
|
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|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless|377x377px]]
|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless|226x226px]]
|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<small>(1762–1822)</small>
|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<br><small>(1762–1822)</small>
|1811–1822
|1811–1822
|
|
|-
|-
|3
|3
|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless|405x405px]]
|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless|243x243px]]
|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<small>(1765–1836)</small>
|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<br><small>(1765–1836)</small>
|1822–1836
|1822–1836
|
|
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|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[File:Hendrick_II.jpeg|center|frameless|325x325px]]
|[[File:Hendrick_II.jpeg|center|frameless|195x195px]]
|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<small>(1789–1867)</small>
|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<br><small>(1789–1867)</small>
|1836–1855
|1836–1855
|
|
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|5
|5
|
|
|'''[[Lodewÿck Ackerhuys|Lodewÿck]]'''<small>(1812–1870)</small>
|'''[[Lodewÿck Ackerhuys|Lodewÿck]]'''<br><small>(1812–1870)</small>
|1855–1870
|1855–1870
|
|
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|6
|6
|
|
|'''[[Herman de Carpentier]]'''<small>(1826–1894)</small>
|'''[[Herman de Carpentier]]'''<br><small>(1826–1894)</small>
|1870–1874
|1870–1874
|
|
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|7
|7
|
|
|'''[[Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer]]'''<small>(1831–1883)</small>
|'''[[Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer]]'''<br><small>(1831–1883)</small>
|1874–1876
|1874–1876
|
|
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|8
|8
|
|
|'''[[Johan de Kleyn]]'''<small>(1840–1913)</small>
|'''[[Johan de Kleyn]]'''<br><small>(1840–1913)</small>
|1876–1880
|1876–1880
|
|
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|9
|9
|
|
|'''[[Albertus May]]'''<small>(1816–1884)</small>
|'''[[Albertus May]]'''<br><small>(1816–1884)</small>
|1880–1884
|1880–1884
|
|
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|10
|10
|
|
|'''[[Carel van Twiller]]'''<small>(1852–1928)</small>
|'''[[Carel van Twiller]]'''<br><small>(1852–1928)</small>
|1884–1888
|1884–1888
|
|
|-
|-
|11
|11
|[[File:Quincey_van_Moock.jpg|center|frameless|363x363px]]
|[[File:Quincey_van_Moock.jpg|center|frameless|218x218px]]
|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]'''
|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]''' <br><small>(1841–1925)</small>
<small>(1841–1925)</small>
|1888–1900
|1888–1900
|
|
|-
|-
|12
|12
|[[File:Theodorus_de_Gelus-Clerisseau.jpeg|center|frameless|308x308px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]
|[[File:Theodorus_de_Gelus-Clerisseau.jpeg|center|frameless|185x185px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]
|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<small>(1866–1950)</small>
|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<br><small>(1866–1950)</small>
|1900–1903
|1900–1903
|
|
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|1943–1947
|1943–1947
|United Patriotic Front
|United Patriotic Front
<small>(Unity Party, National Republican Party, etc.)</small>
|-
|-
|9
|9
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|1947–1955
|1947–1955
| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc
| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc
<small>(Free Destiny Party, Labor Party)</small>
| rowspan="2" |Güman era
| rowspan="2" |Güman era
|-
|-
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|11
|11
|[[File:S. S. de Haaze Ph1 cropped.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|[[File:S. S. de Haaze Ph1 cropped.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|'''[[S. S. de Haaze|S. S. de Haese]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br><small>(b. 1927)</small>]]
|'''[[S. S. de Haese]]'''<br><small>(b. 1927)</small>
|1964–1971
|1964-1971
⚫
|Zeyven Party
|Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven
| rowspan="2" |Zeyven era
⚫
|Zeyven Party era
|-
|-
|12
|12
|[[File:Cornelis Holowatie.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|[[File:Cornelis Holowatie.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|'''[[Cornelis Holowatie]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br>]]
|'''[[Cornelis Holowatie]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br>]]
|1971–1975
|1971-1974
⚫
|Zeyven Party
|Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven
|-
⚫
|Zeyven Party era
|13
|[[File:Von Valkenstein Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]]
|[[George von Valkenstein|'''George von Valkenstein''']]
|1975-1979
|United Patriotic Front
|
|-
|14
|[[File:DForeest Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]]
|[[Russell d'Foreest|'''Russell d'Foreest''']]
|1979-1986
|Progressive Party
|
|}
|}

==Notes==

# {{note|a}}Nicolaes Zacutto is the first New Netherland leader to have been born in the country. He is the descendant of Portuguese Jewish immigrants from the failed Dutch colony of New Holland (1630–1654, modern [[Pernambuco]]).


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 20:05, 13 April 2024

This is a list of leaders of post-1796, independent New Netherland. For a list of colonial leaders, see the list of Director-Generals.

Since New Netherland's Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-Augustine United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary (Amerikaens: Raedpensionaris) as the popularly elected head of state of the nation.

Director–Generals: 1624–1796

Main article: List of Director-Generals of New Netherland

Stadtholders: 1796–1903

Nº Portrait Name Term Affiliation Era
1
Marÿn van der Beeke
(1757–1811) 		1796–1811 Foundation era
2
Isaac Kuyter
(1762–1822) 		1811–1822
3
Hendrick I
(1765–1836) 		1822–1836 Ackerhuys regime
4
Hendrick II
(1789–1867) 		1836–1855
5 Lodewÿck
(1812–1870) 		1855–1870
6 Herman de Carpentier
(1826–1894) 		1870–1874 Second Constitution
7 Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer
(1831–1883) 		1874–1876
8 Johan de Kleyn
(1840–1913) 		1876–1880
9 Albertus May
(1816–1884) 		1880–1884
10 Carel van Twiller
(1852–1928) 		1884–1888
11
Quincey van Moock
(1841–1925) 		1888–1900
12
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
 Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
(1866–1950) 		1900–1903

Grand Pensionaries: from 1903

Nº Portrait Name Term Affiliation Era
1
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
 Mees van Haerst
(1867–1936) 		1903–1911 Unity Party Haerst era
2
Margnus Cornelius Bartelsz
 Magnus Bartelsz
(1870–1952) 		1911–1919 Progressive Party Golden era
3
Johannes Karsen
(1869–1930) 		1919–1923
4
Maurits Thomas Hudson
(1878–1949) 		1923–1927
5
Christiaen Huysman
(1885–1971) 		1927–1931 Free Destiny Party
6
RTL_Jan_Kaspar_Knip.jpg
 Jan Kaspar Knip
(1897–1981) 		1931–1939
7
Abraham Boot
(1897–1963) 		1939–1943 Post-war period
8
Frank Zuylen
(1893–1949) 		1943–1947 United Patriotic Front
9
Edgar Güman
(1902–1973) 		1947–1955 Güman Bloc Güman era
10
Marieke Güman
(1913–1987) 		1955–1964
11
S. S. de Haese
(b. 1927) 		1964–1971 Zeyven Party Zeyven era
12
Cornelis Holowatie
 		1971–1975 Zeyven Party
13
George von Valkenstein 1975-1979 United Patriotic Front
14
Russell d'Foreest 1979-1986 Progressive Party

See also

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