List of leaders of New Netherland: Difference between revisions
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{{Hatnote|This is a list of leaders of post-1796, independent New Netherland. For a list of colonial leaders, see the [[List_of_Director-Generals_of_New_Netherland|list of Director-Generals]].}} |
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[[File:1650 New Netherland Map.jpg|thumb|275x275px|New Netherland is the twelfth European colony in the Americas which has morphed into a modern state.]] |
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This is a list that encompasses the heads of state and of government of [[New Netherland]] from the country's foundation in 1624 to present day. |
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Since [[New Netherland]]'s Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-[[Augustine Wars|Augustine]] United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary ([[Amerikaens]]: ''Raedpensionaris'') as the popularly elected head of state of the nation. |
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== |
== Director–Generals: 1624–1796 == |
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{{Main|List of Director-Generals of New Netherland}} |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
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!Nº |
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!Portrait |
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!Name |
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!Term |
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!Era |
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!Stadtholder |
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|- |
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|1 |
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| |
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|'''Cornelius Jacobsen May'''<br><small>(fl. 1600s)</small> |
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|1624–1625 |
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| rowspan="8" |Pre-Charter |
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|Maurice I |
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|- |
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|2 |
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| |
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|'''William Verhulst'''<br><small>(fl. 1600s)</small> |
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|1625–1626 |
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| rowspan="5" |Frederick Henry |
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|- |
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|3 |
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|[[File:Peter Minuit portrait New Amsterdam 1600s light.jpg|frameless|328x328px]] |
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|'''Peter Minuit'''<br><small>(1580–1638)</small> |
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|1626–1631 |
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|- |
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|4 |
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| |
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|'''Sebastian Jansen Crol'''<br><small>(1595–1674)</small> |
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|1632–1633 |
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|- |
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|5 |
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|[[File:Wouter van Twiller, bust portrait, facing left LCCN2005691471.tif|center|frameless|322x322px]] |
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|'''Wouter van Twiller'''<br><small>(1606–1654)</small> |
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|1633–1638 |
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|- |
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|6 |
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|[[File:WillemKieft (1597-1647)DirectorNewNetherland.png|center|frameless|265x265px]] |
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|'''William Kieft'''<br><small>(1597–1647)</small> |
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|1638–1647 |
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|- |
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|7 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Peter Stuyvesant.jpg|frameless|314x314px]] |
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| rowspan="2" |'''[[Peter Stuyvesant]]'''<br><small>({{circa}}</small> <small>1610–1669)</small> |
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| rowspan="2" |1647–1655 |
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|William II |
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|- |
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| |
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| rowspan="5" |''First Stadholderless period'' |
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|- |
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|8 |
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|[[File:Adriaen van der Donck NGA.jpg|center|frameless|312x312px]] |
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|'''[[Adriaen van der Donck]]'''<br><small>({{circa}} 1618–1660)</small> |
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|1656–1660 |
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| rowspan="12" |Post-Charter |
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|- |
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|9 |
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| |
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|'''[[Paulus Leendertz van der Grift]]'''<br><small>(1613–1680)</small> |
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|1660–1664 |
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|- |
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|10 |
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| |
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|'''[[Jacob van Couwenhoven]]'''<br><small>(1612–1674)</small> |
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|1664–1670 |
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|- |
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| rowspan="2" |11 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Oloff Stevense van Cortlandt.jpg|frameless|321x321px]] |
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| rowspan="2" |'''[[Oloff Stevensz van Cortlandt]]'''<br><small>(1615–1687)</small> |
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| rowspan="2" |1670–1676 |
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|- |
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| rowspan="9" |[[William III]] |
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|- |
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|12 |
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| |
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|'''[[Cornelius Steenwyck]]'''<br><small>(1626–1683)</small> |
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|1676–1679 |
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|- |
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|13 |
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| |
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|'''[[John Evertsen Bout]]'''<br><small>(1603–1683)</small> |
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|1679–1683 |
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|- |
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|14 |
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| |
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|'''[[Jochem Andriesen]]'''<br><small>(1647–1710)</small> |
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|1683–1692 |
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|- |
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|15 |
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| |
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|'''[[Nicolaes Zacutto]]'''{{ref|a}}<br><small>(1665–1710)</small> |
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|1692–1697 |
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|- |
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|16 |
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| |
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|'''[[Frederick Blickhuysen]]'''<br><small>(1657–1706)</small> |
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|1697–1701 |
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|- |
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|17 |
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| |
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|'''[[Hendrick van Renssaeler]]'''<br><small>(1666–1741)</small> |
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|1701–1708 |
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|- |
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|18 |
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| |
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|'''[[William Le Moyne]]'''<br><small>(1663–1729)</small> |
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|1708–1709 |
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|- |
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|19 |
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| |
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|'''[[Theodorus Albertus Ketelhuyn|Theodorus Ketelhuyn]]'''<br><small>(1657–1736)</small> |
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|1709–1712 |
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| rowspan="5" |Ketelhuyn era |
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|- |
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|20 |
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| |
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|'''[[Herman Thomassen Allerton]]'''<br><small>(1673–1740)</small> |
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|1712–1714 |
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| |
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|- |
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|21 |
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| |
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|'''[[Martin van Heemskerck]]'''<br><small>(1659–1728)</small> |
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|1714–1726 |
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| |
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|- |
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|22 |
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| |
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|'''[[Hendrick de Bisschop]]'''<br><small>(1661–1731)</small> |
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|1726–1728 |
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| |
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|- |
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|23 |
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| |
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|'''[[Matthias de la Croix]]'''<br><small>(1689–1746)</small> |
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|1728–1733 |
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| |
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|- |
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|24 |
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| |
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|'''[[Hendrick Dircksen van Woggelum|Hendrick van Woggelum]]'''<br><small>(1681–1740)</small> |
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|1733–1737 |
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| rowspan="8" |Sassafras era |
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| |
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|- |
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|25 |
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| |
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|'''[[William Valentine]]'''<br><small>(1696–1773)</small> |
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|1737–1741 |
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| |
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|- |
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|26 |
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| |
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|'''[[Egbert George Muylenburg|Egbert Muylenburg]]'''<br><small>(1688–1755)</small> |
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|1741–1748 |
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| |
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|- |
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|27 |
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| |
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|'''[[J. Pieter Swartwout]]'''<br><small>(1702–1760)</small> |
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|1748–1750 |
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| |
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|- |
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|28 |
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| |
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|'''[[Hans Theodor Adams]]'''<br><small>(1707–1799)</small> |
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|1750–1766 |
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| |
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|- |
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|29 |
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| |
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|'''[[Leonard Evertsen Bout]]'''<br><small>(1710–1773)</small> |
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|1766–1767 |
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| |
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|- |
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|30 |
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| |
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|'''[[William van Texel]]'''<br><small>(1714–1789)</small> |
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|1767–1769 |
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| |
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|- |
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|31 |
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| |
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|'''[[Raymond Koopman]]'''<br><small>(1735–1804)</small> |
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|1769–1773 |
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| |
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|- |
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|32 |
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| |
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|'''[[Arnoldus van Gelderen]]'''<br><small>(1722–1790)</small> |
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|1773–1779 |
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| rowspan="5" |Titanomachy |
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| |
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|- |
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|33 |
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| |
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|'''[[Carolus Carmen]]'''<br><small>(1747–1829)</small> |
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|1779–1782 |
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| |
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|- |
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|34 |
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| |
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|'''[[Kiliaen van Renssaeler III]]'''<br><small>(1736–1802)</small> |
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|1782–1785 |
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| |
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|- |
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|35 |
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| |
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|'''[[Sibren van Heemskerck]]''' <br><small>(1751–1800)</small> |
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|1785–1792 |
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| |
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|- |
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|36 |
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|[[File:Eleazar Hendrycksz.jpg|center|frameless|307x307px]] |
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|'''[[Eleazar Henrÿcksz]]'''<br><small>(1759–1797)</small> |
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|1792–1796 |
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| |
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|} |
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==Stadtholders: 1796–1903== |
== Stadtholders: 1796–1903 == |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
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!Nº |
!Nº |
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Line 234: | Line 16: | ||
|- |
|- |
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|1 |
|1 |
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|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless| |
|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless|188x188px]] |
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|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<br><small>(1757–1811)</small> |
|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<br><small>(1757–1811)</small> |
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|1796–1811 |
|1796–1811 |
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|- |
|- |
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|2 |
|2 |
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|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless| |
|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless|226x226px]] |
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|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<br><small>(1762–1822)</small> |
|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<br><small>(1762–1822)</small> |
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|1811–1822 |
|1811–1822 |
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|- |
|- |
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|3 |
|3 |
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|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless| |
|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless|243x243px]] |
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|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<br><small>(1765–1836)</small> |
|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<br><small>(1765–1836)</small> |
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|1822–1836 |
|1822–1836 |
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|- |
|- |
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|4 |
|4 |
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|[[File: |
|[[File:Hendrick_II.jpeg|center|frameless|195x195px]] |
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|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<br><small>(1789–1867)</small> |
|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<br><small>(1789–1867)</small> |
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|1836–1855 |
|1836–1855 |
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|- |
|- |
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|11 |
|11 |
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|[[File: |
|[[File:Quincey_van_Moock.jpg|center|frameless|218x218px]] |
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|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]''' <br><small>(1841–1925)</small> |
|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]''' <br><small>(1841–1925)</small> |
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|1888–1900 |
|1888–1900 |
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|- |
|- |
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|12 |
|12 |
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|[[File: |
|[[File:Theodorus_de_Gelus-Clerisseau.jpeg|center|frameless|185x185px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]] |
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|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<br><small>(1866–1950)</small> |
|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<br><small>(1866–1950)</small> |
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|1900–1903 |
|1900–1903 |
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|1943–1947 |
|1943–1947 |
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|United Patriotic Front |
|United Patriotic Front |
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<small>(Unity Party, National Republican Party, etc.)</small> |
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|- |
|- |
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|9 |
|9 |
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|1947–1955 |
|1947–1955 |
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| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc |
| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc |
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<small>(Free Destiny Party, Labor Party)</small> |
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| rowspan="2" |Güman era |
| rowspan="2" |Güman era |
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|- |
|- |
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|11 |
|11 |
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|[[File:S. S. de Haaze Ph1 cropped.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]] |
|[[File:S. S. de Haaze Ph1 cropped.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]] |
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|'''[[ |
|'''[[S. S. de Haese]]'''<br><small>(b. 1927)</small> |
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|1964–1971 |
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|1964-1971 |
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|Zeyven Party |
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|Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven |
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| rowspan="2" |Zeyven era |
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|Zeyven Party era |
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|- |
|- |
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|12 |
|12 |
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|[[File:Cornelis Holowatie.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]] |
|[[File:Cornelis Holowatie.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]] |
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|'''[[Cornelis Holowatie]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br>]] |
|'''[[Cornelis Holowatie]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br>]] |
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|1971–1975 |
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|1971-1974 |
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|Zeyven Party |
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|Tesamenbouw van Nieuw Zeyven |
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|- |
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|Zeyven Party era |
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|13 |
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|[[File:Von Valkenstein Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]] |
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|[[George von Valkenstein|'''George von Valkenstein''']] |
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|1975-1979 |
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|United Patriotic Front |
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| |
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|- |
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|14 |
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|[[File:DForeest Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]] |
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|[[Russell d'Foreest|'''Russell d'Foreest''']] |
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|1979-1986 |
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|Progressive Party |
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| |
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|} |
|} |
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==Notes== |
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# {{note|a}}Nicolaes Zacutto is the first New Netherland leader to have been born in the country. He is the descendant of Portuguese Jewish immigrants from the failed Dutch colony of New Holland (1630–1654, modern [[Pernambuco]]). |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of Director-Generals of New Netherland]] |
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* [[New Netherland]] |
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* [[History of New Netherland]] |
Latest revision as of 20:05, 13 April 2024
Since New Netherland's Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-Augustine United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary (Amerikaens: Raedpensionaris) as the popularly elected head of state of the nation.
Director–Generals: 1624–1796
Stadtholders: 1796–1903
Nº | Portrait | Name | Term | Affiliation | Era |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Marÿn van der Beeke (1757–1811) |
1796–1811 | Foundation era | ||
2 | Isaac Kuyter (1762–1822) |
1811–1822 | |||
3 | Hendrick I (1765–1836) |
1822–1836 | Ackerhuys regime | ||
4 | Hendrick II (1789–1867) |
1836–1855 | |||
5 | Lodewÿck (1812–1870) |
1855–1870 | |||
6 | Herman de Carpentier (1826–1894) |
1870–1874 | Second Constitution | ||
7 | Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer (1831–1883) |
1874–1876 | |||
8 | Johan de Kleyn (1840–1913) |
1876–1880 | |||
9 | Albertus May (1816–1884) |
1880–1884 | |||
10 | Carel van Twiller (1852–1928) |
1884–1888 | |||
11 | Quincey van Moock (1841–1925) |
1888–1900 | |||
12 | Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau (1866–1950) |
1900–1903 |
Grand Pensionaries: from 1903
Nº | Portrait | Name | Term | Affiliation | Era |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mees van Haerst (1867–1936) |
1903–1911 | Unity Party | Haerst era | |
2 | Magnus Bartelsz (1870–1952) |
1911–1919 | Progressive Party | Golden era | |
3 | Johannes Karsen (1869–1930) |
1919–1923 | |||
4 | Maurits Thomas Hudson (1878–1949) |
1923–1927 | |||
5 | Christiaen Huysman (1885–1971) |
1927–1931 | Free Destiny Party | ||
6 | Jan Kaspar Knip (1897–1981) |
1931–1939 | |||
7 | Abraham Boot (1897–1963) |
1939–1943 | Post-war period | ||
8 | Frank Zuylen (1893–1949) |
1943–1947 | United Patriotic Front | ||
9 | Edgar Güman (1902–1973) |
1947–1955 | Güman Bloc | Güman era | |
10 | Marieke Güman (1913–1987) |
1955–1964 | |||
11 | S. S. de Haese (b. 1927) |
1964–1971 | Zeyven Party | Zeyven era | |
12 | Cornelis Holowatie |
1971–1975 | Zeyven Party | ||
13 | George von Valkenstein | 1975-1979 | United Patriotic Front | ||
14 | Russell d'Foreest | 1979-1986 | Progressive Party |