List of leaders of New Netherland: Difference between revisions

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{{Hatnote|This is a list of leaders of post-1796, independent New Netherland. For a list of colonial leaders, see the [[List_of_Director-Generals_of_New_Netherland|list of Director-Generals]].}}
[[File:1650 New Netherland Map.jpg|thumb|275x275px|New Netherland is the twelfth European colony in the Americas which has morphed into a modern state.]]
This is a list that encompasses the heads of state and of government of [[New Netherland]] from the country's foundation in 1624 to present day.


Till 1796, the colony was ruled by a series of Director-Generals. Following the 1656 Municipal Charter, New Netherland had gained increased autonomy, allowing its citizens to have greater influence in the selection of the Director-General, who ultimately was subject to the Stadtholder of the Netherlands. The Autumn War of the 1790s gave the country its independence, replacing the position of Director-General with New Netherland's own stadtholder. These stadtholders were exclusively from and appointed by the Patroon Council, the main executive organ of the state. The Republican Revolution of 1903 established a democratically elected head of state and government, the Grand Pensionary (also known as the ''Raedpensionaris''), named after the Dutch Republic's head of state.
Since [[New Netherland]]'s Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-[[Augustine Wars|Augustine]] United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary ([[Amerikaens]]: ''Raedpensionaris'') as the popularly elected head of state of the nation.


==Director-Generals: 1624–1796==
== Director–Generals: 1624–1796 ==
{{Main|List of Director-Generals of New Netherland}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Nº
!Portrait
!Name
!Term
!Era
!Stadtholder
|-
|1
|
|'''Cornelius Jacobsen May'''<br><small>(fl. 1600s)</small>
|1624–1625
| rowspan="8" |Pre-Charter
|Maurice I
|-
|2
|
|'''William Verhulst'''<br><small>(fl. 1600s)</small>
|1625–1626
| rowspan="5" |Frederick Henry
|-
|3
|[[File:Peter Minuit portrait New Amsterdam 1600s light.jpg|frameless|328x328px]]
|'''Peter Minuit'''<br><small>(1580–1638)</small>
|1626–1631
|-
|4
|
|'''Sebastian Jansen Crol'''<br><small>(1595–1674)</small>
|1632–1633
|-
|5
|[[File:Wouter van Twiller, bust portrait, facing left LCCN2005691471.tif|center|frameless|322x322px]]
|'''Wouter van Twiller'''<br><small>(1606–1654)</small>
|1633–1638
|-
|6
|[[File:WillemKieft (1597-1647)DirectorNewNetherland.png|center|frameless|265x265px]]
|'''William Kieft'''<br><small>(1597–1647)</small>
|1638–1647
|-
|7
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Peter Stuyvesant.jpg|frameless|314x314px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Peter Stuyvesant]]'''<br><small>({{circa}}</small> <small>1610–1669)</small>
| rowspan="2" |1647–1655
|William II
|-
|
| rowspan="5" |''First Stadholderless period''
|-
|8
|[[File:Adriaen van der Donck NGA.jpg|center|frameless|312x312px]]
|'''[[Adriaen van der Donck]]'''<br><small>({{circa}} 1618–1660)</small>
|1656–1660
| rowspan="12" |Post-Charter
|-
|9
|
|'''[[Paulus Leendertz van der Grift]]'''<br><small>(1613–1680)</small>
|1660–1664
|-
|10
|
|'''[[Jacob van Couwenhoven]]'''<br><small>(1612–1674)</small>
|1664–1670
|-
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Oloff Stevense van Cortlandt.jpg|frameless|321x321px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Oloff Stevensz van Cortlandt]]'''<br><small>(1615–1687)</small>
| rowspan="2" |1670–1676
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[William III]]
|-
|12
|
|'''[[Cornelius Steenwyck]]'''<br><small>(1626–1683)</small>
|1676–1679
|-
|13
|
|'''[[John Evertsen Bout]]'''<br><small>(1603–1683)</small>
|1679–1683
|-
|14
|
|'''[[Jochem Andriesen]]'''<br><small>(1647–1710)</small>
|1683–1692
|-
|15
|
|'''[[Nicolaes Zacutto]]'''{{ref|a}}<br><small>(1665–1710)</small>
|1692–1697
|-
|16
|
|'''[[Frederick Blickhuysen]]'''<br><small>(1657–1706)</small>
|1697–1701
|-
|17
|
|'''[[Hendrick van Renssaeler]]'''<br><small>(1666–1741)</small>
|1701–1708
|-
|18
|
|'''[[William Le Moyne]]'''<br><small>(1663–1729)</small>
|1708–1709
|-
|19
|
|'''[[Theodorus Albertus Ketelhuyn|Theodorus Ketelhuyn]]'''<br><small>(1657–1736)</small>
|1709–1712
| rowspan="5" |Ketelhuyn era
|-
|20
|
|'''[[Herman Thomassen Allerton]]'''<br><small>(1673–1740)</small>
|1712–1714
|
|-
|21
|
|'''[[Martin van Heemskerck]]'''<br><small>(1659–1728)</small>
|1714–1726
|
|-
|22
|
|'''[[Hendrick de Bisschop]]'''<br><small>(1661–1731)</small>
|1726–1728
|
|-
|23
|
|'''[[Matthias de la Croix]]'''<br><small>(1689–1746)</small>
|1728–1733
|
|-
|24
|
|'''[[Hendrick Dircksen van Woggelum|Hendrick van Woggelum]]'''<br><small>(1681–1740)</small>
|1733–1737
| rowspan="8" |Sassafras era
|
|-
|25
|
|'''[[William Valentine]]'''<br><small>(1696–1773)</small>
|1737–1741
|
|-
|26
|
|'''[[Egbert George Muylenburg|Egbert Muylenburg]]'''<br><small>(1688–1755)</small>
|1741–1748
|
|-
|27
|
|'''[[J. Pieter Swartwout]]'''<br><small>(1702–1760)</small>
|1748–1750
|
|-
|28
|
|'''[[Hans Theodor Adams]]'''<br><small>(1707–1799)</small>
|1750–1766
|
|-
|29
|
|'''[[Leonard Evertsen Bout]]'''<br><small>(1710–1773)</small>
|1766–1767
|
|-
|30
|
|'''[[William van Texel]]'''<br><small>(1714–1789)</small>
|1767–1769
|
|-
|31
|
|'''[[Raymond Koopman]]'''<br><small>(1735–1804)</small>
|1769–1773
|
|-
|32
|
|'''[[Arnoldus van Gelderen]]'''<br><small>(1722–1790)</small>
|1773–1779
| rowspan="5" |Titanomachy
|
|-
|33
|
|'''[[Carolus Carmen]]'''<br><small>(1747–1829)</small>
|1779–1782
|
|-
|34
|
|'''[[Kiliaen van Renssaeler III]]'''<br><small>(1736–1802)</small>
|1782–1785
|
|-
|35
|
|'''[[Sibren van Heemskerck]]''' <br><small>(1751–1800)</small>
|1785–1792
|
|-
|36
|[[File:Eleazar Hendrycksz.jpg|center|frameless|307x307px]]
|'''[[Eleazar Henrÿcksz]]'''<br><small>(1759–1797)</small>
|1792–1796
|
|}


==Stadtholders: 1796–1903==
== Stadtholders: 1796–1903 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Nº
!Nº
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|-
|-
|1
|1
|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless|313x313px]]
|[[File:MarynVanBeeke.jpeg|center|frameless|188x188px]]
|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<br><small>(1757–1811)</small>
|'''[[Marÿn van der Beeke]]'''<br><small>(1757–1811)</small>
|1796–1811
|1796–1811
Line 241: Line 23:
|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless|377x377px]]
|[[File:IsaacKuyter.jpg|center|frameless|226x226px]]
|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<br><small>(1762–1822)</small>
|'''[[Isaac Kuyter]]'''<br><small>(1762–1822)</small>
|1811–1822
|1811–1822
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|-
|-
|3
|3
|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless|405x405px]]
|[[File:HendrikVanAckerhuys.jpg|center|frameless|243x243px]]
|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<br><small>(1765–1836)</small>
|'''[[Hendrick I Ackerhuys|Hendrick I]]'''<br><small>(1765–1836)</small>
|1822–1836
|1822–1836
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|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[File:Hendrick II.jpeg|center|frameless|325x325px]]
|[[File:Hendrick_II.jpeg|center|frameless|195x195px]]
|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<br><small>(1789–1867)</small>
|'''[[Hendrick II Ackerhuys|Hendrick II]]'''<br><small>(1789–1867)</small>
|1836–1855
|1836–1855
Line 297: Line 79:
|-
|-
|11
|11
|[[File:Quincey van Moock.jpg|center|frameless|363x363px]]
|[[File:Quincey_van_Moock.jpg|center|frameless|218x218px]]
|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]''' <br><small>(1841–1925)</small>
|'''[[Quincey van Moock]]''' <br><small>(1841–1925)</small>
|1888–1900
|1888–1900
Line 303: Line 85:
|-
|-
|12
|12
|[[File:Theodorus de Gelus-Clerisseau.jpeg|308x308px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau|center|frameless]]
|[[File:Theodorus_de_Gelus-Clerisseau.jpeg|center|frameless|185x185px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]
|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<br><small>(1866–1950)</small>
|'''[[Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]'''<br><small>(1866–1950)</small>
|1900–1903
|1900–1903
Line 319: Line 101:
|-
|-
|1
|1
|[[File:Bartelmeeus van Haerst First Raedspensionaris.png|center|frameless|280x280px]]
|[[File:Bartelmeeus van Haerst First Raedspensionaris TableVer.jpg|center|frameless|180x180px|Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau]]
|'''[[Bartelmees van Haerst|Mees van Haerst]]'''<br><small>(1867–1936)</small>
|'''[[Bartelmees van Haerst|Mees van Haerst]]'''<br><small>(1867–1936)</small>
|1903–1911
|1903–1911
Line 326: Line 108:
|-
|-
|2
|2
|[[File:RTL Magnus Cornelius Bartelsz.jpg|center|frameless|277x277px]]
|[[File:RTL Magnus Cornelius Bartelsz TableVer.jpg|alt=Margnus Cornelius Bartelsz|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|'''[[Magnus Bartelsz]]'''<br><small>(1870–1952)</small>
|'''[[Magnus Bartelsz]]'''<br><small>(1870–1952)</small>
|1911–1919
|1911–1919
Line 333: Line 115:
|-
|-
|3
|3
|[[File:RTL Johannes Karsen Table Ver.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Johannes Karsen]]'''<br><small>(1869–1930)</small>
|'''[[Johannes Karsen]]'''<br><small>(1869–1930)</small>
|1919–1923
|1919–1923
|-
|-
|4
|4
|[[File:RTL Maurits Thomas Hudson.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Maurits Thomas Hudson]]'''<br><small>(1878–1949)</small>
|'''[[Maurits Thomas Hudson]]'''<br><small>(1878–1949)</small>
|1923–1927
|1923–1927
|-
|-
|5
|5
|[[File:RTL Christiaen Huysman Table Ver.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Christiaen Huysman]]'''<br><small>(1885–1971)</small>
|'''[[Christiaen Huysman]]'''<br><small>(1885–1971)</small>
|1927–1931
|1927–1931
Line 349: Line 131:
|-
|-
|6
|6
|[[File:RTL_Jan_Kaspar_Knip.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px|RTL_Jan_Kaspar_Knip.jpg]]
|
|'''[[Jan Kaspar Knip]]'''<br><small>(1897–1981)</small>
|'''[[Jan Kaspar Knip]]'''<br><small>(1897–1981)</small>
|1931–1939
|1931–1939
|-
|-
|7
|7
|[[File:RTL Abraham Boot.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Abraham Boot]]'''<br><small>(1897–1963)</small>
|'''[[Abraham Boot]]'''<br><small>(1897–1963)</small>
|1939–1943
|1939–1943
Line 360: Line 142:
|-
|-
|8
|8
|[[File:RTL Frank Zuylen.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Frank Zuylen]]'''<br><small>(1893–1949)</small>
|'''[[Frank Zuylen]]'''<br><small>(1893–1949)</small>
|1943–1947
|1943–1947
|United Patriotic Front
|United Patriotic Front
<small>(Unity Party, National Republican Party, etc.)</small>
|-
|-
|9
|9
|[[File:RTL_Edgar_Guman.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Edgar Güman]]'''<br><small>(1902–1973)</small>
|'''[[Edgar Güman]]'''<br><small>(1902–1973)</small>
|1947–1955
|1947–1955
| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc
| rowspan="2" |Güman Bloc
<small>(Free Destiny Party, Labor Party)</small>
| rowspan="2" |Güman era
| rowspan="2" |Güman era
|-
|-
|10
|10
|[[File:RTL_Marieke_Guman.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|
|'''[[Marieke Güman]]'''<br><small>(1913–1987)</small>
|'''[[Marieke Güman]]'''<br><small>(1913–1987)</small>
|1955–1964
|1955–1964
|-
|11
|[[File:S. S. de Haaze Ph1 cropped.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|'''[[S. S. de Haese]]'''<br><small>(b. 1927)</small>
|1964–1971
|Zeyven Party
| rowspan="2" |Zeyven era
|-
|12
|[[File:Cornelis Holowatie.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|180x180px]]
|'''[[Cornelis Holowatie]]'''[[S. S. de Haaze|<br>]]
|1971–1975
|Zeyven Party
|-
|13
|[[File:Von Valkenstein Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]]
|[[George von Valkenstein|'''George von Valkenstein''']]
|1975-1979
|United Patriotic Front
|
|-
|14
|[[File:DForeest Portrait Crop.jpg|alt=|center|frameless|179x179px]]
|[[Russell d'Foreest|'''Russell d'Foreest''']]
|1979-1986
|Progressive Party
|
|}
|}

==Notes==

# {{note|a}}Nicolaes Zacutto is the first New Netherland leader to have been born in the country. He is the descendant of Portuguese Jewish immigrants from the failed Dutch colony of New Holland (1630–1654, modern [[Pernambuco]]).


==See also==
==See also==

* [[List of Director-Generals of New Netherland]]
* [[New Netherland]]
* [[History of New Netherland]]

Latest revision as of 20:05, 13 April 2024

This is a list of leaders of post-1796, independent New Netherland. For a list of colonial leaders, see the list of Director-Generals.

Since New Netherland's Autumn War of the late 18th century, the colonial leadership position of Director-General was replaced with the office of the Stadtholder, modeled after that of the pre-Augustine United Provinces. They were appointed by the Patroon Council, a body of the country's elites and landowners. The Republican Revolution in 1903 ushered in democracy, ousting the Stadtholder and installing the Grand Pensionary (Amerikaens: Raedpensionaris) as the popularly elected head of state of the nation.

Director–Generals: 1624–1796

Main article: List of Director-Generals of New Netherland

Stadtholders: 1796–1903

Nº Portrait Name Term Affiliation Era
1
Marÿn van der Beeke
(1757–1811) 		1796–1811 Foundation era
2
Isaac Kuyter
(1762–1822) 		1811–1822
3
Hendrick I
(1765–1836) 		1822–1836 Ackerhuys regime
4
Hendrick II
(1789–1867) 		1836–1855
5 Lodewÿck
(1812–1870) 		1855–1870
6 Herman de Carpentier
(1826–1894) 		1870–1874 Second Constitution
7 Jan-Maryn de Boetsselaer
(1831–1883) 		1874–1876
8 Johan de Kleyn
(1840–1913) 		1876–1880
9 Albertus May
(1816–1884) 		1880–1884
10 Carel van Twiller
(1852–1928) 		1884–1888
11
Quincey van Moock
(1841–1925) 		1888–1900
12
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
 Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
(1866–1950) 		1900–1903

Grand Pensionaries: from 1903

Nº Portrait Name Term Affiliation Era
1
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
Jan Theodorus de Gelüs-Clérisseau
 Mees van Haerst
(1867–1936) 		1903–1911 Unity Party Haerst era
2
Margnus Cornelius Bartelsz
 Magnus Bartelsz
(1870–1952) 		1911–1919 Progressive Party Golden era
3
Johannes Karsen
(1869–1930) 		1919–1923
4
Maurits Thomas Hudson
(1878–1949) 		1923–1927
5
Christiaen Huysman
(1885–1971) 		1927–1931 Free Destiny Party
6
RTL_Jan_Kaspar_Knip.jpg
 Jan Kaspar Knip
(1897–1981) 		1931–1939
7
Abraham Boot
(1897–1963) 		1939–1943 Post-war period
8
Frank Zuylen
(1893–1949) 		1943–1947 United Patriotic Front
9
Edgar Güman
(1902–1973) 		1947–1955 Güman Bloc Güman era
10
Marieke Güman
(1913–1987) 		1955–1964
11
S. S. de Haese
(b. 1927) 		1964–1971 Zeyven Party Zeyven era
12
Cornelis Holowatie
 		1971–1975 Zeyven Party
13
George von Valkenstein 1975-1979 United Patriotic Front
14
Russell d'Foreest 1979-1986 Progressive Party

See also

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