Talk:List of languages: Difference between revisions
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== Kongo language section == |
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==== Kikongo dialects ==== |
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The |
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==== Orthography ==== |
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The present Mputu orthography system for Kikongo was created in the 1920s, inspired by a mass movement in African nations (particularly [[Manden]]) to reform their Latin orthographies. It was officially recognized by the Kingdom of Kongo in 1939 and became official in 1957. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!IPA |
!IPA |
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|ṭ |
|ṭ |
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!ᵑk |
!ᵑk |
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|nc |
|nq, nk, nc |
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!ᵐb |
!ᵐb |
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* In order to clarify pronunciation, /buːi/ is transcribed as ''bu'i'' with an apostrophe, while /bwi/ is transcribed as ''bui'', without one. |
* In order to clarify pronunciation, /buːi/ is often transcribed as ''bu'i'' with an apostrophe, while /bwi/ is transcribed as ''bui'', without one. |
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* /w/ at the start of a word followed by a vowel is transcribed as ''o'', as in Oembo (/wembo/). |
* /w/ at the start of a word followed by a vowel is transcribed as ''o'', as in Oembo (/wembo/). |
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* In the Kisolongo and Kizombo dialects, the sound /v/ is often pronounced /β/ and may be written as ''bh''. |
* In the Kisolongo and Kizombo dialects, the sound /v/ is often pronounced /β/ and may be written as ''bh''. |
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* In Portuguese and Spanish sources, ''k'' may be spelled ''qu'', reflecting old Castilian orthography. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Comparison of Capuchin (1652) and Mputu (1957) orthographies |
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!''Vocabularium Congense'' (1652) |
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!Mputu |
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!Translation |
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|''lúfunzulú lua iúma ia úqúissi'' |
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|''lufunzulu lua yuma ya ukisi'' |
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|'tarnishing of the thing of sacredness' |
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==== Sources ==== |
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* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695462/ |
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* https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8586729/file/8586730.pdf |
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* [http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(IRCB)_T.II,1_LAMAN%20K.-E._Dictionaire%20Kikongo-Fran%C3%A7ais%20_1936.pdf French Kikongo dictionary] |
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* [https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/African/Niger-Congo/Bantu/Kikongo%3B%20Gram%C3%A1tica%20da%20l%C3%ADngua%20do%20Congo%20%28Tavares%29%20%281915%29.pdf Portuguese Kisolongo dictionary] |