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Mexico: Difference between revisions
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During the [https://www.reddit.com/r/RosesTulipsAndLiberty/comments/mecng5/rtl_the_2nd_dutch_spanish_war_18501855/ Second Dutch-Spanish War], New Spain occupied key forts in the Dutch unincorporated territories of Acansa (Dutch: Opdamslandt) and Misuri (Dutch: Mizoerie). In the resulting treaty, these regions were officially ceded to New Spain as three new provinces: Misuri del Norte, Misuri del Sur, and Acansa.
=== Independence and Formation of the Mexican Empire ===
During the [[History of Europe#Communard%20Revolutions%20(1872-1878)|Communard Wars]], communard revolutionaries occupied the majority of Spain. During this time, the royal family and King Ferdinand VII sought refuge in New Spain. While the king was staying in New Spain, he became interested in the colony's internal affairs. He instituted a series of reforms that sought to hispanize New Spain's culture to a further degree and weakened the local elites' power in favor of giving greater control to the royal military and peninsulare business elites in the king's inner circle. This increased tension between Spanish authorities and New Spain's population across social classes. Additionally, over the 19th century, New Spain had become economically self-sufficient, while Spain had been increasingly dependent on New Spain's resources to fund their empire. This led to a period of increased dissatisfaction of local elites and businessmen starting from the 1860s.
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Additionally, Spain borrowed money from Genoan and British banks to rebuild after the war but defaulted on the payments within a year, which led to an economic crisis. Learning González's declaration of a Mexican Empire, the King was furious and pledged to retake the colony, leading to the Mexican Independence Crisis. The Spanish army set out several expeditions to retake Mexico in 1881 and 1882, but they were repelled by the newly formed Mexican army and navy each time. With a mounting economic crisis, guerilla fighting in the nation, and the inability to militarily take back New Spain, the Spanish crown recognized the Mexican empire in 1884.
=== Mexican Empire ===▼
The Mexican Empire under Emperor González sought to centralize control over all of New Spain's former holdings and embarked on a wave of reforms to consolidate power in Mexico city and in the military. In 1887 the Mexican government sent the military to crush the Central American rebellions centered in Guatemala and Honduras. They also sought to build economic and political relationships with other nations in the region including Saint-Domingue, Colombia and South Tussenland. During the 1890's Mexico became a important funder of the proposed Genoan Panama canal project.
In western North America, the fledgling Mexican Empire had a lot of potential in the region as a great power. Heavily religious and autocratic, it wanted to centralize its authority and display its might. In 1897, Mexico abolished home rule for the autonomous Boer states. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which was generally sympathetic to the Boers, saw this as an affront to their authority in North America and issued an ultimatum to Mexico: restore self-governance for the Dutch Boers states else they will attack Mexico. Mexico refused, and in 1901 the Dutch declared war, known as the [[Mexican-Dutch Boer war]]. At the onset of the war, the former Dutch colony of the New Netherlands joined the war on the Dutch Kingdom's side.
Emperor González overestimated his new empire's might. The Mexican military made advances on Tussenland, but the combined Tussenlander and New Netherlander force eventually repelled it. Additionally, the Mexican navy was not able to match the newly modernized Dutch navy.
The end of the Mexican-Dutch war was a blow to the prestige and legitimacy of Mexico and the nescient republican and liberal movements within Mexico pounced at the chance to get rid of Emperor González. In 1909 the Mexican senate was occupied by republicans and the after a massive popular protest that shut down Mexico city, Emperor González abdicated and after a constitutional crisis with the army briefly taking control, the Mexican Republic was declared. ▼
Throughout the latter half of the war, the Dutch had managed to occupy the land they had lost to Spain (Mizoerie and Acansa) during the 2nd Dutch-Spanish War of 1850. However, they were only able to liberate only two of the five Voortrekker Republics (Westerzee and Kimoeënim). Things soon came to a stalemate, and in 1903 both parties agreed to meet in the neutral Republic of Virginia to settle matters, with the war ending in ''uti possidetis.''
The Treaty of Williamsburg, signed by both parties in the Virginian Republic's capital Jamestown, ended the war. Under this treaty, the land lost in the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war would be retroceded back to Tussenland. As for the Voortrekker Republics under Dutch control, the Kingdom of the Netherlands decided that it was impractical to annex them into Tussenland, as they already had their own unique blend of ''Dutch-Hispanic'' culture (as well as a large proportion of Catholics, proselytized by Spain and Mexico during 75 years of combined Spanish and Mexican rule). They were granted their fully-sovereign and (partially) unified state: the ''Amerikaense Vrystaët, or the Amerikaanse Free State''. The rest of the Voortrekker Republics that the Dutch were unable to occupy were allowed to remain under Mexico, as long as they guarantee self-rule to these regions in matters concerning internal affairs.
=== The Republic of Mexico ===
▲The end of the Mexican-Dutch war was a blow to
== Government and Politics ==
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