Philippine Spanish
From Roses, Tulips, & Liberty
Philippine Spanish | |
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Pronunciation | [espaˈnjol de las ˈila filiˈpina] |
Native to | Philippines |
Region | Indonesia |
Scythian
| |
Early form | Mexican Spanish
|
Dialects | Philippine Spanish dialects |
Writing system | Latin |
Official status | |
Official language in | Philippines |
Recognised minority language in |
History
Phonology
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar-palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ŋ | |||
Plosive | voiced | b | d | g | |||
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | |||
Fricative | (θ) | s | (ʃ) | h | |||
Approximant | j | w | |||||
Lateral | l | (ʎ) | |||||
Tap | ɾ | ||||||
Trill | r |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a | ||
Diphthongs | je ja jo ju wi we wa
ej aj oj uj iw ew aw |
- The phonemes [θ], [ʎ], & [ɲ] are only used by speakers familiar with Peninsular Spanish. They are respectively replaced with [s], [lj], & [nj] by the vast majority of speakers (as done in Mexico).
- /s/ can be palatalized to [ʃ] in front of [j] and [i].
- Pronunciation of h at the start of words, the aspiration of final s, and the deletion of final /l/ and /ɾ/ phonemes occur commonly in colloquial speech. These features of speech may carry social stigma in the Philippines.
- [hɾ], [r], [l], and [ɹ] are allophones of the tap /ɾ/.
- In words borrowed from indigenous languages like Tagalog, the final consonant is devoiced /it.ˈloɡ/ → [it.ˈlok].
- Mid vowel raising is a common feature of Philippine Spanish, where mid vowels [e, o] are often raised to [i, u] respectively. This is a result of substrate influence from the trivocalic systems of Old Tagalog and other indigenous languages.
- [e] and [i] often become [ɛ] and [ɪ] in unstressed positions. For example, /pisˈkaw/ → [pɪsˈkaw], meaning ‘fish'.
- [ɔ] and [ʊ] are allophones of [o].