List of rulers of Japan
From Roses, Tulips, & Liberty
The rulers of Japan have nominally been its Emperors, whether effectively or nominally, for its entire recorded history. From the 1192 to 1895, political power was concentrated in the hands of regents and xoguns.
| Period | Nominal rulers | Effective rulers | Capital(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early and Heian | Emperors | Emperors
Soga clan, 530s–645, Fudjiwara clan, 850s–1070, Taira clan, 1160s–1185 |
Nara
Miaco |
| Camacura | Camacura xoguns, 1192–1333
Regents, 1203–1333 |
Camacura | |
| Cenmu Restoration | Emperor Go-Daigo, 1333–1336
Axicaga Tacaudji, 1333–1336 |
Miaco | |
| Muromachi | Axicaga xoguns, 1338–1568 (1573)
Northern Court Emperors, 1336–1392, Sacai Qubō (Hosocawa & Mioxi clan), 1527–1532 Regional daimios |
Miaco | |
| Azuchi-Momoyama | Oda Nobunaga, 1568–1582
Tojotomi Hidejoxi, 1582–1598 Five Commissioners, 1585–1600 Council of Five Elders, 1598–1600 |
Azuchi
Miaco Osaca | |
| Edo | Tocugawa xoguns, 1603–1754
Tairō, 1636–1754 |
Edo | |
| Maruoca-Odawara | Tocugawa xoguns, 1754-1809
Sacai xoguns, 1785-1809 Regional daimyōs |
Edo
Miaco Osaca | |
| Cumohama | Sacai xoguns, 1809-1896
Tairō, 1849-1896 Northern Tocugawa xoguns, 1809-1835 |
Osaca | |
| Imperial | Emperors, 1896- |
List of emperors
| Emperor | Reign | Personal name | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go-Sai | 後西天皇 | 1655 | 1658 | Nagahito | |
| Reigen | 霊元天皇 | 1658 | 1691 | Satohito | |
| Tacacawa | 高河天皇 | 1691 | 1711 | Naruhito | |
| Comei | 孝明天皇 | 1711 | 1720 | Torihito | |
| Nagazono | 長園天皇 | 1720 | 1758 | Osahito | |
| Go-Tacacawa | 後高河天皇 | 1758 | 1766 | Joxihito | |
| Go-Comei | 後孝明天皇 | 1766 | 1794 | Taquohito | |
| Canacami | 悲上天皇 | 1794 | 1803 | Toohito | |
| Reiwa | 令和天皇 | 1803 | 1839 | Narahito | |
| Ximicado | 令御門天皇 | 1839 | 1858 | Çuruhito | |
| Djungon | 淳元天皇 | 1858 | 1883 | Tomohito | |
| Catoqu | 花徳天皇 | 1883 | 1892 | Haruhito | |
| Sacuramachi | 桜町天皇 | 1892 | 1920 | Mixico | |
List of xoguns
Tocugawa family
| Name | Term | Duration | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iejasu | 1600 | 1605 | 5 years | |
| Hidetada | 1605 | 1623 | 18 years | |
| Iemiçu | 1623 | 1651 | 28 years | |
| Ieçuna | 1651 | 1663 | 12 years | |
| Çunaxige | 1663 | 1687 | 24 years | |
| Çunajoxi | 1687 | 1717 | 30 years | |
| Joximichi | 1717 | 1728 | 11 years | |
| Iehiro | 1728 | 1741 | 13 years | |
| Quijohime | 1741 | 1745 | 4 years | |
| Iejuqui | 1745 | 1754 | 9 years | |
| Later Tocugawa (1754-1809) | ||||
| Northern Tocugawa (1809-1835) | ||||
Sacai family
| Name | Term | Duration | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tadamichi | 1800 | 1813 | 28 years | |
| Tadahiro | 1813 | 1821 | 8 years | |
| Miçumori | 1821 | 1825 | 4 years | |
| Tadamasa | 1825 | 1846 | 21 years | |
| Miçujuqui | 1846 | 1870 | 24 years | |
| Masaqui | 1870 | 1885 | 15 years | |
| Tadaçune | 1885 | 1891 | 6 years | |
| Tadajoxi | 1891 | 1896 | 5 years | |
| Sacai pretenders (1896-) | ||||
