Amerikaens vocabulary: Difference between revisions
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|/rɑi̯k/, /rik/ |
|/rɑi̯k/, /rik/ |
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|State, realm, kingdom |
|State, realm, kingdom |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch R''ijk'' |
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|/ˈkoːnæŋˌrɑi̯k/ |
|/ˈkoːnæŋˌrɑi̯k/ |
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|Kingdom, monarchy |
|Kingdom, monarchy |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch K''oninkrijk'' |
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|/rɛːpyˈblik/ |
|/rɛːpyˈblik/ |
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|Republic |
|Republic |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch R''epubliek'' |
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|/ˈhɛːrlək.hɑi̯t/ |
|/ˈhɛːrlək.hɑi̯t/ |
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|Municipality, fiefdom |
|Municipality, fiefdom |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch H''eerlijkheid'' |
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|/stɑts.dɛːl/ |
|/stɑts.dɛːl/ |
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|Borough |
|Borough |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch S''tadsdeel'' |
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|/pɑːˈtroːn/ |
|/pɑːˈtroːn/ |
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|Plantation owner, lord of a manor |
|Plantation owner, lord of a manor |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch P''atroon'' |
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|/ˈrɑːt.pæn.ʃoːˌnɑː.rɛs/ |
|/ˈrɑːt.pæn.ʃoːˌnɑː.rɛs/ |
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|The head of state of [[New Netherland]] |
|The head of state of [[New Netherland]] |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch R''aadpensionaris'' |
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|/sχɑu̯t/ |
|/sχɑu̯t/ |
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|Sheriff, municipal officer |
|Sheriff, municipal officer |
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|From Dutch '' |
|From Dutch S''chout'' |
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Revision as of 18:14, 23 November 2022
Amerikaens vocabulary, primarily of Germanic and Romance origin, was first formally identified as distinctive from Dutch in the late 17th century. Throughout the early modern period, Amerikaens imported influences from indigenous languages, African languages, Walloon, and Spanish while maintaining contact with the Dutch spoken in the Netherlands. In 1910, the Amerikaens lexicon began a process of standardisation, mainly in New Netherland and Tussenland. Throughout the 20th century, Amerikaens, along with its dialects and creoles - have increasingly developed distinct vocabularies of their own.
Outline
- To search for a term, press CTRL+F.
There are several categories:
- Acronyms
- Body
- Clothing and ornamentation
- Colors
- Countries and cities
- Emotions and values
- Expletives and intensifiers
- Fauna (animals)
- Flora
- Food and cooking
- Geography
- Given names and surnames
- Honorifics and titles
- Interjections and idioms
- Kinship
- Legal
- Locations
- Medical
- Numerals
- Political and administrative
- Religious
- Social
- Technological
- Time
Lexical categories:
- Adpositions and conjunctions
- Affixes
- Determiners
- Pronouns
In each category, there are six columns:
- Term
- Form (part of speech)
- These include; Noun (n.), Verb (v.), Adverb (adv.), and Adjective (adj.)
- This does not apply to lexical categories.
- IPA (pronunciation of the term; use IPA Reader)
- Definition
- Etymology
- Usage notes.
Body
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arm | n. | /ɑrm/ | Arm | From Dutch and English arm | |
Albow | n. | /ɑlbow/ | Elbow | From English elbow | |
Tock | n. | /tɔk/ | Limb | ||
Tont | n. | /tɔnt/ | Tooth, incisor | From Dutch tand | |
Val | n. | /fɑl/ | Skin |
Colors
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gro | n. | /ɡroː/, /χroː/ | Grey, gray | From Dutch grauw | |
Gele | n. | /χeːl(ə)/ | Yellow | From Dutch geel | |
Ros | n. | /ros/ | Pink | From French rose | |
Turköis | n. | /tyr.kɔiːs/ | Turquoise | From French turquoise and Dutch turkoois |
Countries and cities
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jopten | n. | /ˈjɔp.tən/ | Egypt | From Dutch Egypte | |
Eyrlandt | n. | /ˈiːr.lɑnt/ | Ireland | From Dutch Ierland | |
Griekelandt | n. | /ˈχri.kəˌlɑnt/ | Greece | From Dutch Griekenland | |
Taulandt | n. | /tɔuː lɑnt/ | Tauland | From Dutch Tauland | |
Sünda | n. | /sun.dɑː/ | Soenda | From Dutch Soenda | |
Nieuw Amsterdam | n. | /niu̯ ˌɑm.stərˈdɑm/ | New Amsterdam | From Dutch Nieuw Amsterdam | |
Tussenlandt | n. | /ˈtœ.sə(n) lɑnt/, /ˈtu.sə(n) lɑnt/ | Tussenland | From Dutch tussen + land | |
Mexico | n. | /ˈmæ.χikoː/ | Mexico | From Spanish México | |
Zeylan | n. | /sæiˈlɑn/ | Zeylan | From Dutch Zeylan | |
Nieuw Engelandt | n. | /niu̯ ˌˈæ.ŋəˌlɑnt/ | New England | From English New England | |
Franckrÿck | n. | /ˈfrɑŋkrik/ | France | From Dutch Franckrijk | |
Pommeren | n. | /ˈpɔmæ.rən/ | Pomerania | From Low German Pommern | |
Korea | n. | /ˌkoːˈreː.ɑː/ | Corea | From Dutch Corea | |
Russlandt | n. | /ˈruslɑnt/ | Russia | From Dutch Rusland, influenced by High German Rußland | |
Osmaenserÿck | n. | /ɔsˈmɑːnsə rik/ | Ottoman Empire | From Dutch Osmaanse Rijk |
Determiners
Determiners are categorized into several forms:
- Article (art.)
- Demonstrative (dem.)
- Interrogative (int.)
- Quantifier (q.).
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
De | art. | /də/ | The | From Dutch de | Used in place of Dutch het in all situations. |
În | art. | /ən/, /eːn/ | A, an | From Dutch een | |
Die | dem. | /di/ | That, those | From Dutch die | |
Des | dem. | /ˈdiːs/ | This, these | From Dutch deze | |
Sovîl | dem. | /soːˈveːl/ | So many, so much
That many, that much |
From Dutch zo veel | |
Sulck | dem. | /sʌlk/ | Such (a) | From Dutch zulk |
Emotions and values
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wantan | adj. | /ˈwɑntən/ | Unrestrained, promiscuous, lewd, carefree | From English wanton | |
Ferschrocken | adj. | /fəɹ.ˈsχro.kən/ | Afraid, frightened, scared | From Dutch verschrokken | |
Mugh | adj. | /muχ/ | Tired, exhausted, weary | From Dutch moe | |
Naghes | n. | /ˈnɑχəs/ | Feeling of contentment and satisfaction | From Yiddish נחת |
Expletives and intensifiers
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cock | n. | /kɑk/ | Penis | From English cock | |
Schlong | n. | /ʃlɔŋ/ | Penis, dick, cock | From Yiddish שלאַנג | |
Eg | adv. | /ɛχ/ | Really, very | From Dutch echt | |
Worlÿck | adv. | /wɔɹlɑik/ | Truly, amazingly | From Dutch waarlijk | |
Hür | n. | /hur/ | Whore | From Dutch hoer | |
Kack | n. | /ˈkɑk/ | Shit, crap | From Dutch kak | |
Bitch | n. | /bɛtʃ/ | Bitch | From English bitch | |
Strant | n. | /strɑnt/ | Shit, crap | From Dutch stront |
Fauna
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bufalö | n. | /ˈbə.fɑloː/ | Bison, buffalo | ||
Müs | n. | /muːs/ | Moose | ||
Wapiti | n. | Elk | |||
Kwaewon | n. | /kwæ.wɔn/ | Woodpecker | ||
Anowara | n. | Turtle | |||
Atÿron | n. | Raccoon | |||
Pert | n. | /peːrt/ | Horse | From Dutch paard | |
Hespon | n. | /ˈhɛs.pɔn/ | Raccoon | From Munsee é·span | |
Sprenghon | n. | /ˈsprɛŋ.hɔːn/ | Grasshopper, cricket | From Dutch sprinkhaan | |
Fogel | n. | /ˈfœ.χəl/ | Bird | From Dutch vogel | |
Hondt | n. | /hɔnt/ | Dog, puppy, canine | From Dutch hont | |
Kekeutje | n. | /ˈkæ.kœ.t͡ʃə/ | Chicken, hen | From Dutch kuiken | |
Colicün | n. | /kɔliˈkun/ | Turkey | From Dutch kalkoen | |
Dauv | n. | /dɔf/, /dʌv/ | Pigeon, dove | From Dutch duif and English dove | |
Kü | n. | /kuː/ | Cow, bovine | From Dutch koe |
Flora
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taheym | n. | /tɑhæːim/ | Strawberry | From Unami tehim | |
Sengerengeböm | n. | /sʲɛŋ.ɡə.ˈrɛŋ.ɡə.boːm/ | Lilac bush | From Dutch seringenboom | |
Fruyt | n. | /frœut/ | Fruit | From Dutch vrucht | |
Blaubesche | n. | /ˈblɑu.bɛ.ʃə/ | Blueberry, huckleberry | ||
Ajuy | n. | /ɑːˈjœu/ | Onion | From Southern Dutch ajuin | |
Bambü | n. | /ˈbɑm.bu/ | Bamboo | From Dutch bamboe |
Food and cooking
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kafe | n. | /kɑ.feː/ | Coffee | From French café | |
Lager | n. | /lɑ.kɛr/ | Liquor | From French liqueur | |
Bitebal | n. | /ˈbɛ.təˌbɑl/ | Bitterbal; a croquette filled with ragout | From Dutch bitterbal | |
Apam | n. | /ɑpːɑm/ | Appam; a thin rice flour pancake from Zeylan | From Tamil அப்பம் | |
Kaes | n. | /kɛːs/ | Cheese | From Dutch kaas | |
Zout | n. | /sɔːut/ | Salt | From Dutch zout | |
Büca | n. | /bu.kɑ/ | Small snack, bite to eat | From Spanish bocadillo | Primarily used in the Free State and the Mizüries |
Geography
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regen(e) | v. | /rɛ.ɡə.nə/ | To rain | From Dutch regenen | |
Fleckertia | n. | /ˈflɛ.kər.tjɑ/ | Slight flurry of snow | From Dutch flikkertje | |
Mîr | n. | /mɛər/, /meːr/ | Lake, lough | From Dutch meer | |
Lught | n. | /lʌχt/ | Sky | From Dutch lucht | |
Weder | n. | /wɛdɹ/ | Weather | From Dutch weder, influenced by English weather | |
Stîn | n. | /stiːn/ | Stone | From Dutch steen |
Given names and surnames
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aubrom | n. | /ˈɑː.brɔm/ | Abraham | ||
Ion | n. | /jɔːn/ | John | ||
Patrus | n. | /ˈpɑː.trœs/ | Peter, Petrus | ||
Teun | n. | /tœ:n/ | From Dutch Tunis | ||
Mazÿck | n. | /ˈmɑːsɑi̯k/ | From French Mazicq, the modern town Maaseik |
Kinship
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zon | n. | /soːn/ | Son | From Dutch zoon, influenced by English son | |
Doghter | n. | /ˈdɔχ.tər/ | Daughter | From Dutch dochter | |
Familie | n. | /fɑˈmi.li/ | Family | From Dutch familie | |
Fader | n. | /ˈfɑː.dər/ | Father | From Dutch father | |
Kint | n. | /kɛnt/ | Child | From Dutch kind |
Legal
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regt | n. | /ræχt/ | Law, jurisprudence, justice | From Dutch recht | |
Regter | n. | /ræχtər/ | Judge | From Dutch rechter | |
Justisiepaleys | n. | /jus.ˈti.(t)si.pɑːˈlɑi̯s/ | Courthouse | From Dutch justitiepaleis, ultimately from French palais de justice | |
Advocaet | n. | /ɑtfoːˈkɑːt/ | Attorney, lawyer | From Dutch advocaat | |
Fiscael | n. | /fɛs.kɑːl/ | Attorney-General, public prosecutor | From Dutch fiscaal | |
Constitutie | n. | /ˈkɑn.sti'tuː.(t)si/ | Constitution | From French and English constitution |
Locations
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bouwerÿ | n. | /bɔuəri/ | Farm | From Dutch bouwerij | |
Taphuys | n. | /tɑphœus/ | Hotel, tavern | From English taphouse | |
Estaet | n. | /ɛsˈteːt/ | Estate, manor | From English estate | |
Kamer | n. | /ˈkɑː.mər/ | Room | From Dutch kamer | |
Ruym | n. | /rœum/ | Room | From English room | |
Huys | n. | /hœus/ | House | From Dutch huis | |
Leveruym | n. | /leːvə rœum/ | Living room, parlour | From English living room |
Numerals
Term | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
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În | /eːn/ | One | ||
Twî | /twiː/ | Two | ||
Drî | /driː/ | Three | ||
Vîr | /fiːr/ | Four | ||
Vÿf | /væif/ | Five | ||
Zes | /zɛːs/ | Six | ||
Seuve | /ˈsœː.və/ | Seven | ||
Agt | /ɑːχt/, /ɑːgt/ | Eight | ||
Nege | /ˈneː.χə/ | Nine | ||
Tîn | /tɛːn/, /tiːn/ | Ten |
Political and administrative
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rÿck | n. | /rɑi̯k/, /rik/ | State, realm, kingdom | From Dutch Rijk | |
Koninckrÿck | n. | /ˈkoːnæŋˌrɑi̯k/ | Kingdom, monarchy | From Dutch Koninkrijk | |
Republÿck | n. | /rɛːpyˈblik/ | Republic | From Dutch Republiek | |
Hîrlÿkheyd | n. | /ˈhɛːrlək.hɑi̯t/ | Municipality, fiefdom | From Dutch Heerlijkheid | |
Stadtsdîl | n. | /stɑts.dɛːl/ | Borough | From Dutch Stadsdeel | |
Pogrom | n. | /pɔɡrɔm/ | Pogrom; riot with intent to persecute | From Yiddish פּאָגראָם | |
Patrön | n. | /pɑːˈtroːn/ | Plantation owner, lord of a manor | From Dutch Patroon | |
Raedpensionaris | n. | /ˈrɑːt.pæn.ʃoːˌnɑː.rɛs/ | The head of state of New Netherland | From Dutch Raadpensionaris | |
Schout | n. | /sχɑu̯t/ | Sheriff, municipal officer | From Dutch Schout | |
Schepe | n. | /ˈsχeːpə/ | Magistrate, alderman | From Dutch schepen |
Religious
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
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Predikasie | n. | /prɛdəkʌsi/ | Sermon | From English predication | |
Jesus Chrestus | n. | /ˌjeː.zʌs ˈkræs.tʌs/, /ˈχrɛs.tʌs/ | Jesus Christ | From Dutch Jezus Christus | |
Kerck | n. | /kærk/ | Church | From Dutch kerk | |
Katholicism | n. | /kɑ.toːˈlik.æsm/ | Catholicism | From French Catholicisme | |
Huguenot | n. | /ˈyː.ɡə.nɔ/ | Huguenot | From French and English Huguenot | |
Zün | n. | /zun/ | Atonement, penance | From Dutch zoen | |
Johannes Calvÿn | n. | /joˈhɑnæs kɑlˈvɑi̯n/ | John Calvin | From Dutch Johannes Calvijn | |
Döp(e) | v. | /ˈdoːpə/ | To baptize, to christen | From Dutch doopen |
Social
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
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Lughe | n. | /ˈluːχə/ | Lie, a false statement | From Dutch leugen | |
Nom | n. | /nɔːm/ | Name | From Dutch naam, influenced by French nom | |
Friendt | n. | /fɹænt/ | Friend, companion | From Dutch vriend, influenced by English friend |
Time
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jaer | n. | /jɑːr/ | Year | From Dutch jaar | |
Morge | adv., n. | /ˈmɔrχə/ | Tomorrow | From Dutch morgen | |
Gestere | adv., n. | /ˈgɛs.tə.rə/ | Yesterday | From Dutch gisteren | |
Middag | n. | /ˈmi.dɑχ/ | Noon, midday | From Dutch middag | |
Apremie | n. | /ɑ.prɛ.mi/ | Afternoon | From French après-midi | |
Avondt | n. | /ˈɑː.vɔnt/ | Evening, night | From Dutch avond | |
Soir | n. | /swɑː/ | Evening, twilight | From French soir | |
Ogten | n. | /ˈɔχ.tən/ | Morning, dawn | From Dutch ochtend |
See also
Resources