Amerikaens vocabulary: Difference between revisions
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'''[[Amerikaens]] vocabulary''', primarily of Germanic and Romance origin, was first formally identified as distinctive from Dutch in the late 17th century. Throughout the early modern period, Amerikaens imported influences from indigenous languages, African languages, Walloon, and Spanish while maintaining contact with the Dutch spoken in [[Netherlands|the Netherlands]]. In 1910, the Amerikaens lexicon began a process of standardisation, mainly in [[New Netherland]] and [[Tussenland]]. Throughout the 20th century, Amerikaens,
== Outline ==
Line 8:
* Acronyms
* Architecture
* Body
* Clothing and ornamentation
Line 14 ⟶ 15:
* Emotions and values
* Expletives and intensifiers
* Expressions
* Fauna (animals)
* Flora
* Food and cooking
* Geography
* Goods
* Honorifics and titles
* Kinship
* Legal
Line 31 ⟶ 32:
* Technological
* Time
* Transportation
Lexical categories:
Line 50 ⟶ 52:
* '''Usage notes'''.
==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
Line 58 ⟶ 60:
!Etymology
!Usage notes
|-
!Chiminee
|''n.''
|/ʃə.mi.niː/
|Chimney
|From French ''cheminée''
|
|}
== Body ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Arm
Line 64 ⟶ 82:
|Arm
|From Dutch and English ''arm''
|-
!Albow
Line 71 ⟶ 88:
|Elbow
|From English ''elbow''
|-
!Tock
Line 77 ⟶ 93:
|/tɔk/
|Limb
|From Dutch ''tak''
|-
!Tont
Line 85 ⟶ 100:
|Tooth, incisor
|From Dutch ''tand''
|-
!Vael
|''n.''
|/fɑl/
|Skin
|From Dutch ''vaal''
|-
!Ör
|''n.''
|/oːr/
|Ear
|From Dutch ''oor''
|-
!Neus
|''n.''
|/nœs/
|Nose
|From Dutch ''neus''
|-
!Penis
|''n.''
|/ˈpʰeː.nɛs/
|Penis, male sexual organ
|From Latin ''pēnis''
|-
!Vagin
|''n.''
|/ˈwɑːχiːn/
|Vagina, female sexual organ
|From Latin ''vāgīna''
|}
== Clothing and ornamentation ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Kleding
|''n.''
|/ˈkleːdɛŋ/
|Clothing, clothes
|From Dutch ''kleding''
|-
!Hemdt
|''n.''
|/ˈhæmt/
|Shirt
|From Dutch ''hemde''
|-
!Blüs
|''n.''
|/blus/
|Woolen clothing
|From French ''blousse''
|}
Line 102 ⟶ 166:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Gro
Line 109 ⟶ 172:
|Grey, gray
|From Dutch ''grauw''
|-
!Gele
|''n.''
|/
|Yellow
|From Dutch ''geel''
|-
!
|''n.''
|/ros/
|Pink
|From French ''rose''
|-
!Turk'''öis'''
Line 130 ⟶ 190:
|Turquoise
|From French ''turquoise'' and Dutch ''turkoois''
|}
Line 140 ⟶ 199:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Jopten
|''n.''
|/ˈjɔp.
|[[Egypt]]
|From Dutch ''Egypte''
|-
!Eyrlandt
Line 154 ⟶ 211:
|[[Ireland]]
|From Dutch ''Ierland''
|-
!Griekelandt
Line 161 ⟶ 217:
|[[Greece]]
|From Dutch ''Griekenland''
|-
!Taulandt
Line 168 ⟶ 223:
|[[Tauland]]
|From Dutch ''Tauland''
|-
!Sünda
Line 175 ⟶ 229:
|[[Soenda]]
|From Dutch ''Soenda''
|-
!Nieuw Amsterdam
Line 182 ⟶ 235:
|[[New Amsterdam]]
|From Dutch ''Nieuw Amsterdam''
|-
!Tussenlandt
|''n.''
|/ˈtœ.sə(n) lɑnt/, /
|[[Tussenland]]
|From Dutch ''tussen'' + ''land''
|-
!Mexico
|''n.''
|/
|[[Mexico]]
|From Spanish ''México''
|-
!Zeylan
|''n.''
|/
|[[Zeylan]]
|From Dutch ''Zeylan''
|-
!Nieuw Engelandt
|''n.''
|/niu̯
|[[New England]]
|From English ''New England''
|-
!Franckrÿck
|''n.''
|/ˈfrɑŋkrik/
|[[France]]
|From Dutch ''Franckrijk''
|-
!Pommeren
|''n.''
|/ˈpɔmæ.rən/
|[[Pomerania]]
|From Low German ''Pommern''
|-
!Korea
Line 231 ⟶ 277:
|[[Corea]]
|From Dutch ''Corea''
|-
!Russlandt
|''n.''
|/ˈruslɑnt/
|[[Russia]]
|From Dutch Rusland, influenced by High German ''Rußland''
|-
!Osmaenserÿck
|''n.''
|/ɔsˈmɑːnsə rik/
|[[Ottoman Empire]]
|From Dutch ''Osmaanse Rijk''
|}
Line 248 ⟶ 305:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!De
Line 255 ⟶ 311:
|The
|From Dutch ''de''
|-
!'''În'''
Line 262 ⟶ 317:
|A, an
|From Dutch ''een''
|-
!Die
|''dem.''
|/di/
|That, those
|From Dutch ''die''
|-
!Des
|''dem.''
|/ˈdiːs/
|This, these
|From Dutch ''deze''
|-
!Sov'''îl'''
|''dem.''
|/soːˈfeːl/
|So many, so much
That many, that much
|From Dutch ''zo veel''
|-
!Sulck
|''dem.''
|/sʌlk/
|Such (a)
|From Dutch ''zulk''
|-
!Darkis
|''dem.''
|/dɑr.ˈkis/
|Thereby
|From Dutch ''daerbi''
|-
!Plänti
|''q.''
|/ˈplænti/
|Plenty
|From English ''plenty''
|}
Line 272 ⟶ 363:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Wantan
Line 279 ⟶ 369:
|Unrestrained, promiscuous, lewd, carefree
|From English ''wanton''
|-
!Ferschrocken
Line 286 ⟶ 375:
|Afraid, frightened, scared
|From Dutch ''verschrokken''
|-
!Mugh
|''adj.''
|/muχ/
|Tired, exhausted, weary
|From Dutch ''moe''
|-
!Naghes
|''n.''
|/ˈnɑχəs/
|Feeling of contentment and satisfaction
|From Yiddish נחת
|-
!Insipie
|''adj.''
|/ˈæ.si.ˈpi/
|Bored, dull, bland
|From French ''insipide''
|-
!Amor
|''n.''
|/ɑːˈmuʁ/
|Love, adoration, affection, care
|From French ''amour''
|-
!Humeur
|''n.''
|/hyˈmœːr/
|Mood, aura, mental state
|From Dutch ''humuere''
|}
== Expletives
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
Line 303 ⟶ 414:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Cock
Line 310 ⟶ 420:
|Penis
|From English ''cock''
|-
!Schlong
Line 317 ⟶ 426:
|Penis, dick, cock
|From Yiddish שלאַנג
|-
!H'''ü'''r
Line 338 ⟶ 432:
|Whore
|From Dutch ''hoer''
|-
!Kack
Line 345 ⟶ 438:
|Shit, crap
|From Dutch ''kak''
|-
!Betsch
|''n.''
|/bɛtʃ/
|Bitch
|From English ''bitch''
|-
!Strant
Line 359 ⟶ 450:
|Shit, crap
|From Dutch ''stront''
|}
== Expressions ==
Expressions, also known as formulaic language or embolalia, include interjections, idioms, proverbs, greetings, and fillers.
* Greeting (gr.)
* Interjection (ij.)
* Idiom (id.)
* Intensifier (in.)
* Proverb (pr.)
* Filler words (fl.)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Translation
!Etymology
|-
!Kommestas?
|''gr.''
|/ˈkoːm.ɛsˈtɑs/
|How are you?
|From Spanish ''cómo estás''
|-
!Holla
|''gr.''
|/hoːˈlə/
|Hello
|From Dutch ''holla'', influenced by Portuguese ''olá''
|-
!Ja
|''ij., in.''
|/jɑː/
|Yes, yeah, aye, obviously, of course
|From Dutch and High German ''ja''
|-
!Da?
|''ij.''
|/ˈdɑ/
|Really? Are you sure?
|From Russian ''да''
|-
!Worlÿck
|''in.''
|/wɔɹlɑik/
|Truly, amazingly
|From Dutch ''waarlijk''
|-
!Eg
|''in.''
|/ɛχ/
|Really, very
|From Dutch ''echt''
|}
Line 369 ⟶ 513:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Bufalö
Line 375 ⟶ 518:
|/ˈbə.fɑloː/
|Bison, buffalo
|
|-
!Müs
|''n.''
|/muːs/
|Moose
|
|-
Line 389 ⟶ 530:
|
|Elk
|
|-
Line 396 ⟶ 536:
|/kwæ.wɔn/
|Woodpecker
|
|-
Line 403 ⟶ 542:
|
|Turtle
|
|-
Line 410 ⟶ 548:
|
|Raccoon
|
|-
Line 418 ⟶ 555:
|Horse
|From Dutch ''paard''
|-
!Hespon
Line 424 ⟶ 560:
|/ˈhɛs.pɔn/
|Raccoon
|From Munsee ''é
|-
!Sprenghon
Line 432 ⟶ 567:
|Grasshopper, cricket
|From Dutch ''sprinkhaan''
|-
!Fogel
Line 439 ⟶ 573:
|Bird
|From Dutch ''vogel''
|-
!Hondt
Line 446 ⟶ 579:
|Dog, puppy, canine
|From Dutch ''hont''
|-
!Kekeutje
Line 453 ⟶ 585:
|Chicken, hen
|From Dutch ''kuiken''
|-
!Colic'''ün'''
Line 460 ⟶ 591:
|Turkey
|From Dutch ''kalkoen''
|-
!Dauv
Line 467 ⟶ 597:
|Pigeon, dove
|From Dutch ''duif'' and English ''dove''
|-
!K'''ü'''
|''n.''
|/kuː/
|Cow, bovine
|From Dutch ''koe''
|-
!Owaeho
|''n.''
|/ˈoːwɑ.ho/
|Wolf, beast
|From Mohawk ''Okwáho''
|-
!Cat
|''n.''
|/kɑt/, /ʃɑt/
|Cat, feline
|From Middle Dutch ''catte''
|}
Line 477 ⟶ 624:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Taheym
|''n.''
|/
|Strawberry
|From Unami ''tehim''
|-
!Sengerengeböm
|''n.''
|/sʲɛŋ.ɡə.ˈrɛŋ.ɡə.boːm/
|Lilac bush
|From Dutch ''seringenboom''
|-
!Fruyt
Line 498 ⟶ 642:
|Fruit
|From Dutch ''vrucht''
|-
!Blaubesche
Line 504 ⟶ 647:
|/ˈblɑu.bɛ.ʃə/
|Blueberry, huckleberry
|From Dutch ''blau'' + ''besje''
|-
!Ajuy
|''n.''
|/ɑːˈjœu/
|Onion
|From dialectal Dutch ''ajuin''
|-
!Bambü
|''n.''
|/ˈbɑm.bu/
|Bamboo
|From Dutch ''bamboe''
|-
!Tulp
|''n.''
|/tʌlp/
|Tulip
|From Persian ''دلبند''
|}
Line 515 ⟶ 675:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Kafe
Line 522 ⟶ 681:
|Coffee
|From French ''café''
|-
!Lager
Line 529 ⟶ 687:
|Liquor
|From French ''liqueur''
|-
!Bitebal
|''n.''
|/ˈbɛ.təˌbɑl/
|[[Bitterballen]]
|From Dutch ''bitterbal''
|-
!Apam
|''n.''
|/ɑpːɑm/
|Appam; a
|From Tamil அப்பம்
|-
!Kaes
|''n.''
|/kɛːs/
|Cheese
|From Dutch ''kaas''
|-
!Zout
|''n.''
|/sɔːut/
|Salt
|From Dutch ''zout''
|-
!Büca
|''n.''
|/bu.kɑ/
|Small snack, bite to eat
|From Spanish ''bocadillo''
|-
!Kütü
|''n.''
|/kuː.tuː/
|(Kitchen) knife
|From French ''couteau''
|}
Line 553 ⟶ 732:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Regen(e)
|''v.''
|/rɛ.ɡə.nə/
|To rain
|From Dutch ''regenen''
|-
!Fleckertia
Line 567 ⟶ 744:
|Slight flurry of snow
|From Dutch ''flikkertje''
|-
!M'''îr'''
|''n.''
|/mɛ<sup>ə</sup>r/, /meːr/
|Lake, lough
|From Dutch ''meer''
|-
!Lught
|''n.''
|/lʌχt/
|Sky
|From Dutch ''lucht''
|-
!Weder
|''n.''
|/wɛdɹ/
|Weather
|From Dutch ''weder'', influenced by English ''weather''
|-
!St'''în'''
|''n.''
|/stiːn/
|Stone
|From Dutch ''steen''
|}
== Goods ==
Goods include private items that provide utility or satisfy human wants that do not fall into the categories of technology, transportation, clothing and ornamentation, or food and cooking.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
Line 577 ⟶ 778:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Tapie
|''n.''
|/tɑ.pi/
|Curtain
|From Walloon ''tapis''
|-
!Kirves
|''n.''
|/ˈkirwɛs/
|Hatchet, axe
|From Finnish ''kirves''
|-
!Tuyg
|''n.''
|/tœuk/, /tɔʌk/
|Toy
|Clipping of Dutch ''speeltuig'', influenced by High German ''Zeug''
|-
!Tah
|''n.''
|/tɑ/
|Thing, object
|From dialectal French ''tas''
|-
!Aex
|''n.''
|/
|Axe
|From Dutch ''aaks''
|}
Line 611 ⟶ 817:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!
|''n.''
|/
|Son
|From Dutch ''
|-
!Doghter
|''n.''
|/ˈdɔχ.tər/
|Daughter
|From Dutch ''dochter''
|-
!Familie
Line 625 ⟶ 835:
|Family
|From Dutch ''familie''
|-
!Fader
|''n.''
|/ˈfɑː.dər/
|Father
|From Dutch ''father''
|-
!Kint
|''n.''
|/kɛnt/
|Child
|From Dutch ''kind''
|}
== Legal ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Regt
|''n.''
|/ræχt/
|Law, jurisprudence, justice
|From Dutch ''recht''
|-
!Regter
|''n.''
|/ræχtər/
|Judge
|From Dutch ''rechter''
|-
!Justisiepaleys
|''n.''
|/jus.ˈti.si.pɑːˈlɑi̯s/
|Courthouse
|From Dutch ''justitiepaleis'', ultimately from French ''palais de justice''
|-
!Advocaet
|''n.''
|/ɑtfoːˈkɑːt/
|Attorney, lawyer
|From Dutch ''advocaat''
|-
!Fiscael
|''n.''
|/fɛs.kɑːl/
|Attorney-General, prosecutor
|From Dutch ''fiscaal''
|-
!Constitusie
|''n.''
|/ˈkɑn.sti'tuː.si/
|Constitution
|From French and English ''constitution''
|}
Line 649 ⟶ 901:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Bouwerÿ
|''n.''
|/
|Farm
|From Dutch ''bouwerij''
|-
!Taphuys
|''n.''
|/
|Hotel, tavern
|From English ''taphouse''
|-
!Estaet
|''n.''
|/
|Estate, manor
|From English ''estate''
|-
!Kammer
|''n.''
|/ˈkɑː.mər/
|Room
|From Dutch ''kamer''
|-
!Ruym
|''n.''
|/rœum/
|Room
|From English ''room''
|-
!Huys
|''n.''
|/hœus/
|House
|From Dutch ''huis
|-
!Leveruym
|''n.''
|/leːvə rœum/
|Living room, parlour
|From English ''living room''
|}
== Medical ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Demens
|''n.''
|/ˌdeːˈmæns/
|Dementia
|From Latin ''dementia'', cf. Swedish ''demens''
|-
!Malais
|''n.''
|/mɑ.læz/
|Malaise, being ill
|From French ''malaise''
|-
!Remedie
|''n.''
|/ˌrəˈmeːdiː/
|Cure, remedy
|From Dutch ''remedie''
|-
!Dödsörsack
|''n.''
|/ˈdoːts.oːrsæ/
|Cause of death
|From Dutch ''doodsoorzak''
|-
!Pÿn
|''n.''
|/pæin/
|Pain, hurt
|From Dutch ''pijn''
|-
!Berürt
|''n.''
|/bəˈruːrt/
|Stroke, seizure
|From Dutch ''beroerte''
|-
!Urine
|''n.''
|/ɔˈʁin/
|Urine
|From Dutch ''urine''
|-
!Defcas
|''n.''
|/ˌdeː.fˈkɑs/
|Defecation, feces
|From Dutch ''defecatie''
|-
!Blüt
|''n.''
|/bluːt/, /blʌt/
|Blood
|From Dutch ''bloed'', influenced by English ''blood''
|-
!Obducks
|''n.''
|/ˌɔpˈdʌks/
|Autopsy
|From Latin ''obductio''
|-
!Reanimas
|''n.''
|/riː.ɑ.ni.mɑ(s)/
|Resuscitation, revival
|From French ''réanimation''
|-
!Hartfall
|''n.''
|/ˈhɑrt.fɑl/
|Heart attack, cardiac arrest
|From Dutch ''hartaanval''
|-
!Hartslag
|''n.''
|/ˈhɑrt.slaχ/
|Heartbeat, heart rate
|From Dutch ''hartslag''
|-
!Dödt
|''n., adj.''
|/doːt/
|Death, dead
|From Dutch ''dood''
|-
!Swît
|''n.''
|/sweːt/
|Sweat
|From Dutch ''zweet''
|-
!Mort de self
|''n.''
|/.moːr.tɛː.ˈsælf/
|Suicide, killing of oneself
|Calque of French ''homicide de soi-même''
|-
!Suicide
|''n.''
|/ˈsuːɛ.saɪt/
|Suicide, killing of oneself
|From Latin ''suīcīdium''
|-
!Gesonheydt
|''n.''
|/gəˈsuːnˌhɑit/
|Health, well-being
|From Dutch ''gezondheid'', influenced by High German ''Gesundheit''
|-
!Üst
|''n.''
|/ˈust/
|Cough
|From Dutch ''hoest''
|}
Line 693 ⟶ 1,074:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Null
|/nʌl/
|Zero, 0
|
|-
!'''În'''
|/eːn/
|One, 1
|
|-
!'''Twî'''
|/
|Two, 2
|
|-
!Dr'''î'''
|/
|Three, 3
|
|-
!V'''îr'''
|/
|Four, 4
|
|-
!Vÿf
|/
|Five, 5
|
|-
!Zes
|/zɛːs/
|Six, 6
|
|-
!Seuve
|/ˈsœː.və/
|Seven, 7
|
|-
!Agt
|/
|Eight, 8
|
|-
!Nege
|/ˈneː.χə/
|Nine, 9
|
|-
!T'''î'''n
|/
|Ten, 10
|
|}
== Political and administrative ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Term
!''Form''
!IPA
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Rÿck
|''n.''
|/rɑi̯k/, /rik/
|State, realm, kingdom
|From Dutch ''rijk''
|-
!Koninckrÿck
|''n.''
|/ˈkoːnæŋˌrɑi̯k/
|Kingdom, monarchy
|From Dutch ''koninkrijk''
|-
!Republÿck
|''n.''
|/rɛːpyˈblik/
|Republic
|From Dutch ''republijk''
|-
!Hîrlÿkheyd
|''n.''
|/ˈhɛːrlək.hɑi̯t/
|Municipality, fiefdom
|From Dutch ''heerlijkheid''
|-
!Stadtsdîl
|''n.''
|/stɑts.dɛːl/
|Borough
|From Dutch ''stadsdeel''
|-
!Pogrom
|''n.''
|/pɔɡrɔm/
|Pogrom, riot with intent to persecute
|From Yiddish פּאָגראָם
|-
!Patr'''ön'''
|''n.''
|/pɑːˈtroːn/
|Plantation owner, lord of a manor
|From Dutch ''patroon''
|-
!Raedpensionaris
|''n.''
|/ˈrɑːt.pæn.ʃoːˌnɑː.rɛs/
|The head of state of [[New Netherland]]
|From Dutch ''raadpensionaris''
|-
!Schout
|''n.''
|/sχɑu̯t/
|Sheriff, municipal officer
|From Dutch ''schout''
|-
!Schepe
|''n.''
|/ˈsχeːpə/
|Magistrate, alderman
|From Dutch ''schepen''
|-
!Polie
|''n.''
|/pɔ.liː/
|Governance, management, regulation
|From French ''police''
|-
!Patria
|''n.''
|/ˈpɑ.tri.ɑ/
|Homeland, motherland, land of origin
|From Latin ''patria''
|}
Line 763 ⟶ 1,219:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Predikasie
Line 770 ⟶ 1,225:
|Sermon
|From English ''predication''
|-
!
|''n.''
|/ˌjeː.zʌs ˈkræs.tʌs/, /ˈχrɛs.tʌs/
|Jesus Christ
|From Dutch ''Jezus Christus''
|-
!Kerck
Line 784 ⟶ 1,237:
|Church
|From Dutch ''kerk''
|-
!Djom
|''n.''
|/
|Mosque
|From Levantine Arabic ''جامع''
|-
!Kerste
|''n.''
|/ˈkær.stə/, /ˈχær-/
|Christian
|From Dutch ''kersten''
|-
!Müslman
|''n.''
|/muːsɫ.mɑːn/
|Muslim
|From Ottoman Turkish ''مسلمان''
|-
!Jöd
|''n.''
|/jʌt/, /jɔːt/
|Jew, Yiddish person
|From Dutch ''Jood''
|-
!Katholicism
|''n.''
|/kɑ.toːˈlik.
|Catholicism
|From French ''Catholicisme''
|-
!Eslem
|''n.''
|/ɛsˈlæːm/, /ɛsˈlɔːm/
|Islam
|From Levantine Arabic ''إسلام''
|-
!Djudesm
|''n.''
|/ʒyd.æːsm/
|Judaism
|From French ''judaïsme''
|-
!Huguenot
Line 805 ⟶ 1,285:
|Huguenot
|From French and English ''Huguenot''
|-
!Z'''ü'''n
Line 812 ⟶ 1,291:
|Atonement, penance
|From Dutch ''zoen''
|-
!Johannes Calvÿn
|''n.''
|/joˈhɑnæs kɑlˈvɑi̯n/
|John Calvin
|From Dutch ''Johannes Calvijn''
|-
!D'''ö'''p(e)
|''v.''
|/ˈdoːpə/
|To baptize, to christen
|From Dutch ''doopen''
|}
Line 822 ⟶ 1,312:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Lughe
|''n.''
|/ˈluːχə/
|Lie, a false statement
|From Dutch ''leugen''
|-
!Nom
Line 836 ⟶ 1,324:
|Name
|From Dutch ''naam'', influenced by French ''nom''
|-
!Friendt
|''n.''
|/
|Friend, companion
|From Dutch ''vriend'', influenced by English ''friend''
|}
Line 853 ⟶ 1,339:
!Definition
!Etymology
|-
!Jaer
Line 860 ⟶ 1,345:
|Year
|From Dutch ''jaar''
|-
!Morge
|''adv., n.''
|/ˈmɔrχə/
|Tomorrow
|From Dutch ''morgen''
|-
!Gestere
|''adv., n.''
|/ˈgɛs.tə.rə
|Yesterday
|From Dutch ''gisteren''
|-
!Ogten
|''n.''
|/ˈɔχ.tən/
|Morning, dawn
|From Dutch ''ochtend''
|-
!Middag
Line 881 ⟶ 1,369:
|Noon, midday
|From Dutch ''middag''
|-
!Apremie
Line 888 ⟶ 1,375:
|Afternoon
|From French ''après-midi''
|-
!Soir
|''n.''
|/
|Evening, twilight
|From French ''soir''
|-
!Avondt
|''n.''
|/
|Evening, night
|From Dutch ''
|}
== Miscellaneous ==
* Ik wil ît it if it is în weynig bît.
== See also ==
* [[Amerikaens]]
* [[Amerikaener]]
'''Resources'''
* https://ivdnt.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Noordegraaf_Storms_woordenlijst_Jersey_Dutch.pdf
* https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/3453/PDF/1/play/<nowiki/>
|
Latest revision as of 10:58, 10 January 2023
Amerikaens vocabulary, primarily of Germanic and Romance origin, was first formally identified as distinctive from Dutch in the late 17th century. Throughout the early modern period, Amerikaens imported influences from indigenous languages, African languages, Walloon, and Spanish while maintaining contact with the Dutch spoken in the Netherlands. In 1910, the Amerikaens lexicon began a process of standardisation, mainly in New Netherland and Tussenland. Throughout the 20th century, Amerikaens, along with its dialects and creoles - have increasingly developed distinct vocabularies of their own.
Outline
- To search for a term, press CTRL+F.
There are several categories:
- Acronyms
- Architecture
- Body
- Clothing and ornamentation
- Colors
- Countries and cities
- Emotions and values
- Expletives and intensifiers
- Expressions
- Fauna (animals)
- Flora
- Food and cooking
- Geography
- Goods
- Honorifics and titles
- Kinship
- Legal
- Locations
- Medical
- Numerals
- Political and administrative
- Religious
- Social
- Technological
- Time
- Transportation
Lexical categories:
- Adpositions and conjunctions
- Affixes
- Determiners
- Pronouns
In each category, there are six columns:
- Term
- Form (part of speech)
- These include; Noun (n.), Verb (v.), Adverb (adv.), and Adjective (adj.)
- This does not apply to lexical categories.
- IPA (pronunciation of the term; use IPA Reader)
- Definition
- Etymology
- Usage notes.
Architecture
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology | Usage notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chiminee | n. | /ʃə.mi.niː/ | Chimney | From French cheminée |
Body
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arm | n. | /ɑrm/ | Arm | From Dutch and English arm |
Albow | n. | /ɑlbow/ | Elbow | From English elbow |
Tock | n. | /tɔk/ | Limb | From Dutch tak |
Tont | n. | /tɔnt/ | Tooth, incisor | From Dutch tand |
Vael | n. | /fɑl/ | Skin | From Dutch vaal |
Ör | n. | /oːr/ | Ear | From Dutch oor |
Neus | n. | /nœs/ | Nose | From Dutch neus |
Penis | n. | /ˈpʰeː.nɛs/ | Penis, male sexual organ | From Latin pēnis |
Vagin | n. | /ˈwɑːχiːn/ | Vagina, female sexual organ | From Latin vāgīna |
Clothing and ornamentation
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kleding | n. | /ˈkleːdɛŋ/ | Clothing, clothes | From Dutch kleding |
Hemdt | n. | /ˈhæmt/ | Shirt | From Dutch hemde |
Blüs | n. | /blus/ | Woolen clothing | From French blousse |
Colors
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gro | n. | /ɡroː/, /χroː/ | Grey, gray | From Dutch grauw |
Gele | n. | /χeːl(ə)/ | Yellow | From Dutch geel |
Ros | n. | /ros/ | Pink | From French rose |
Turköis | n. | /tyr.kɔiːs/ | Turquoise | From French turquoise and Dutch turkoois |
Countries and cities
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jopten | n. | /ˈjɔp.tə(n)/ | Egypt | From Dutch Egypte |
Eyrlandt | n. | /ˈiːr.lɑnt/ | Ireland | From Dutch Ierland |
Griekelandt | n. | /ˈχri.kəˌlɑnt/ | Greece | From Dutch Griekenland |
Taulandt | n. | /tɔuː lɑnt/ | Tauland | From Dutch Tauland |
Sünda | n. | /sun.dɑː/ | Soenda | From Dutch Soenda |
Nieuw Amsterdam | n. | /niu̯ ˌɑm.stərˈdɑm/ | New Amsterdam | From Dutch Nieuw Amsterdam |
Tussenlandt | n. | /ˈtœ.sə(n) lɑnt/, /ˈtuː.sə(n) lɑnt/ | Tussenland | From Dutch tussen + land |
Mexico | n. | /ˈmæ.χikoː/ | Mexico | From Spanish México |
Zeylan | n. | /sæiˈlɑn/ | Zeylan | From Dutch Zeylan |
Nieuw Engelandt | n. | /niu̯ ˌˈæ.ŋəˌlɑnt/ | New England | From English New England |
Franckrÿck | n. | /ˈfrɑŋkrik/ | France | From Dutch Franckrijk |
Pommeren | n. | /ˈpɔmæ.rən/ | Pomerania | From Low German Pommern |
Korea | n. | /ˌkoːˈreː.ɑː/ | Corea | From Dutch Corea |
Russlandt | n. | /ˈruslɑnt/ | Russia | From Dutch Rusland, influenced by High German Rußland |
Osmaenserÿck | n. | /ɔsˈmɑːnsə rik/ | Ottoman Empire | From Dutch Osmaanse Rijk |
Determiners
Determiners are categorized into several forms:
- Article (art.)
- Demonstrative (dem.)
- Interrogative (int.)
- Quantifier (q.).
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
De | art. | /də/ | The | From Dutch de |
În | art. | /ən/, /eːn/ | A, an | From Dutch een |
Die | dem. | /di/ | That, those | From Dutch die |
Des | dem. | /ˈdiːs/ | This, these | From Dutch deze |
Sovîl | dem. | /soːˈfeːl/ | So many, so much
That many, that much |
From Dutch zo veel |
Sulck | dem. | /sʌlk/ | Such (a) | From Dutch zulk |
Darkis | dem. | /dɑr.ˈkis/ | Thereby | From Dutch daerbi |
Plänti | q. | /ˈplænti/ | Plenty | From English plenty |
Emotions and values
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wantan | adj. | /ˈwɑntən/ | Unrestrained, promiscuous, lewd, carefree | From English wanton |
Ferschrocken | adj. | /fəɹ.ˈsχro.kən/ | Afraid, frightened, scared | From Dutch verschrokken |
Mugh | adj. | /muχ/ | Tired, exhausted, weary | From Dutch moe |
Naghes | n. | /ˈnɑχəs/ | Feeling of contentment and satisfaction | From Yiddish נחת |
Insipie | adj. | /ˈæ.si.ˈpi/ | Bored, dull, bland | From French insipide |
Amor | n. | /ɑːˈmuʁ/ | Love, adoration, affection, care | From French amour |
Humeur | n. | /hyˈmœːr/ | Mood, aura, mental state | From Dutch humuere |
Expletives
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cock | n. | /kɑk/ | Penis | From English cock |
Schlong | n. | /ʃlɔŋ/ | Penis, dick, cock | From Yiddish שלאַנג |
Hür | n. | /hur/ | Whore | From Dutch hoer |
Kack | n. | /ˈkɑk/ | Shit, crap | From Dutch kak |
Betsch | n. | /bɛtʃ/ | Bitch | From English bitch |
Strant | n. | /strɑnt/ | Shit, crap | From Dutch stront |
Expressions
Expressions, also known as formulaic language or embolalia, include interjections, idioms, proverbs, greetings, and fillers.
- Greeting (gr.)
- Interjection (ij.)
- Idiom (id.)
- Intensifier (in.)
- Proverb (pr.)
- Filler words (fl.)
Term | Form | IPA | Translation | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kommestas? | gr. | /ˈkoːm.ɛsˈtɑs/ | How are you? | From Spanish cómo estás |
Holla | gr. | /hoːˈlə/ | Hello | From Dutch holla, influenced by Portuguese olá |
Ja | ij., in. | /jɑː/ | Yes, yeah, aye, obviously, of course | From Dutch and High German ja |
Da? | ij. | /ˈdɑ/ | Really? Are you sure? | From Russian да |
Worlÿck | in. | /wɔɹlɑik/ | Truly, amazingly | From Dutch waarlijk |
Eg | in. | /ɛχ/ | Really, very | From Dutch echt |
Fauna
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bufalö | n. | /ˈbə.fɑloː/ | Bison, buffalo | |
Müs | n. | /muːs/ | Moose | |
Wapiti | n. | Elk | ||
Kwaewon | n. | /kwæ.wɔn/ | Woodpecker | |
Anowara | n. | Turtle | ||
Atÿron | n. | Raccoon | ||
Pert | n. | /peːrt/ | Horse | From Dutch paard |
Hespon | n. | /ˈhɛs.pɔn/ | Raccoon | From Munsee é span |
Sprenghon | n. | /ˈsprɛŋ.hɔːn/ | Grasshopper, cricket | From Dutch sprinkhaan |
Fogel | n. | /ˈfœ.χəl/ | Bird | From Dutch vogel |
Hondt | n. | /hɔnt/ | Dog, puppy, canine | From Dutch hont |
Kekeutje | n. | /ˈkæ.kœ.t͡ʃə/ | Chicken, hen | From Dutch kuiken |
Colicün | n. | /kɔliˈkun/ | Turkey | From Dutch kalkoen |
Dauv | n. | /dɔf/, /dʌv/ | Pigeon, dove | From Dutch duif and English dove |
Kü | n. | /kuː/ | Cow, bovine | From Dutch koe |
Owaeho | n. | /ˈoːwɑ.ho/ | Wolf, beast | From Mohawk Okwáho |
Cat | n. | /kɑt/, /ʃɑt/ | Cat, feline | From Middle Dutch catte |
Flora
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Taheym | n. | /tɑhæːim/ | Strawberry | From Unami tehim |
Sengerengeböm | n. | /sʲɛŋ.ɡə.ˈrɛŋ.ɡə.boːm/ | Lilac bush | From Dutch seringenboom |
Fruyt | n. | /frœut/ | Fruit | From Dutch vrucht |
Blaubesche | n. | /ˈblɑu.bɛ.ʃə/ | Blueberry, huckleberry | From Dutch blau + besje |
Ajuy | n. | /ɑːˈjœu/ | Onion | From dialectal Dutch ajuin |
Bambü | n. | /ˈbɑm.bu/ | Bamboo | From Dutch bamboe |
Tulp | n. | /tʌlp/ | Tulip | From Persian دلبند |
Food and cooking
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kafe | n. | /kɑ.feː/ | Coffee | From French café |
Lager | n. | /lɑ.kɛr/ | Liquor | From French liqueur |
Bitebal | n. | /ˈbɛ.təˌbɑl/ | Bitterballen | From Dutch bitterbal |
Apam | n. | /ɑpːɑm/ | Appam; a delicacy from Zeylan | From Tamil அப்பம் |
Kaes | n. | /kɛːs/ | Cheese | From Dutch kaas |
Zout | n. | /sɔːut/ | Salt | From Dutch zout |
Büca | n. | /bu.kɑ/ | Small snack, bite to eat | From Spanish bocadillo |
Kütü | n. | /kuː.tuː/ | (Kitchen) knife | From French couteau |
Geography
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regen(e) | v. | /rɛ.ɡə.nə/ | To rain | From Dutch regenen |
Fleckertia | n. | /ˈflɛ.kər.tjɑ/ | Slight flurry of snow | From Dutch flikkertje |
Mîr | n. | /mɛər/, /meːr/ | Lake, lough | From Dutch meer |
Lught | n. | /lʌχt/ | Sky | From Dutch lucht |
Weder | n. | /wɛdɹ/ | Weather | From Dutch weder, influenced by English weather |
Stîn | n. | /stiːn/ | Stone | From Dutch steen |
Goods
Goods include private items that provide utility or satisfy human wants that do not fall into the categories of technology, transportation, clothing and ornamentation, or food and cooking.
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tapie | n. | /tɑ.pi/ | Curtain | From Walloon tapis |
Kirves | n. | /ˈkirwɛs/ | Hatchet, axe | From Finnish kirves |
Tuyg | n. | /tœuk/, /tɔʌk/ | Toy | Clipping of Dutch speeltuig, influenced by High German Zeug |
Tah | n. | /tɑ/ | Thing, object | From dialectal French tas |
Aex | n. | /ɑks/ | Axe | From Dutch aaks |
Kinship
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zon | n. | /soːn/ | Son | From Dutch zoon, influenced by English son |
Doghter | n. | /ˈdɔχ.tər/ | Daughter | From Dutch dochter |
Familie | n. | /fɑˈmi.li/ | Family | From Dutch familie |
Fader | n. | /ˈfɑː.dər/ | Father | From Dutch father |
Kint | n. | /kɛnt/ | Child | From Dutch kind |
Legal
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regt | n. | /ræχt/ | Law, jurisprudence, justice | From Dutch recht |
Regter | n. | /ræχtər/ | Judge | From Dutch rechter |
Justisiepaleys | n. | /jus.ˈti.si.pɑːˈlɑi̯s/ | Courthouse | From Dutch justitiepaleis, ultimately from French palais de justice |
Advocaet | n. | /ɑtfoːˈkɑːt/ | Attorney, lawyer | From Dutch advocaat |
Fiscael | n. | /fɛs.kɑːl/ | Attorney-General, prosecutor | From Dutch fiscaal |
Constitusie | n. | /ˈkɑn.sti'tuː.si/ | Constitution | From French and English constitution |
Locations
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bouwerÿ | n. | /bɔuəri/ | Farm | From Dutch bouwerij |
Taphuys | n. | /tɑphœus/ | Hotel, tavern | From English taphouse |
Estaet | n. | /ɛsˈteːt/ | Estate, manor | From English estate |
Kammer | n. | /ˈkɑː.mər/ | Room | From Dutch kamer |
Ruym | n. | /rœum/ | Room | From English room |
Huys | n. | /hœus/ | House | From Dutch huis |
Leveruym | n. | /leːvə rœum/ | Living room, parlour | From English living room |
Medical
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demens | n. | /ˌdeːˈmæns/ | Dementia | From Latin dementia, cf. Swedish demens |
Malais | n. | /mɑ.læz/ | Malaise, being ill | From French malaise |
Remedie | n. | /ˌrəˈmeːdiː/ | Cure, remedy | From Dutch remedie |
Dödsörsack | n. | /ˈdoːts.oːrsæ/ | Cause of death | From Dutch doodsoorzak |
Pÿn | n. | /pæin/ | Pain, hurt | From Dutch pijn |
Berürt | n. | /bəˈruːrt/ | Stroke, seizure | From Dutch beroerte |
Urine | n. | /ɔˈʁin/ | Urine | From Dutch urine |
Defcas | n. | /ˌdeː.fˈkɑs/ | Defecation, feces | From Dutch defecatie |
Blüt | n. | /bluːt/, /blʌt/ | Blood | From Dutch bloed, influenced by English blood |
Obducks | n. | /ˌɔpˈdʌks/ | Autopsy | From Latin obductio |
Reanimas | n. | /riː.ɑ.ni.mɑ(s)/ | Resuscitation, revival | From French réanimation |
Hartfall | n. | /ˈhɑrt.fɑl/ | Heart attack, cardiac arrest | From Dutch hartaanval |
Hartslag | n. | /ˈhɑrt.slaχ/ | Heartbeat, heart rate | From Dutch hartslag |
Dödt | n., adj. | /doːt/ | Death, dead | From Dutch dood |
Swît | n. | /sweːt/ | Sweat | From Dutch zweet |
Mort de self | n. | /.moːr.tɛː.ˈsælf/ | Suicide, killing of oneself | Calque of French homicide de soi-même |
Suicide | n. | /ˈsuːɛ.saɪt/ | Suicide, killing of oneself | From Latin suīcīdium |
Gesonheydt | n. | /gəˈsuːnˌhɑit/ | Health, well-being | From Dutch gezondheid, influenced by High German Gesundheit |
Üst | n. | /ˈust/ | Cough | From Dutch hoest |
Numerals
Term | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|
Null | /nʌl/ | Zero, 0 | |
În | /eːn/ | One, 1 | |
Twî | /twiː/ | Two, 2 | |
Drî | /driː/ | Three, 3 | |
Vîr | /fiːr/ | Four, 4 | |
Vÿf | /væif/ | Five, 5 | |
Zes | /zɛːs/ | Six, 6 | |
Seuve | /ˈsœː.və/ | Seven, 7 | |
Agt | /ɑːχt/, /ɑːgt/ | Eight, 8 | |
Nege | /ˈneː.χə/ | Nine, 9 | |
Tîn | /tɛːn/, /tiːn/ | Ten, 10 |
Political and administrative
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rÿck | n. | /rɑi̯k/, /rik/ | State, realm, kingdom | From Dutch rijk |
Koninckrÿck | n. | /ˈkoːnæŋˌrɑi̯k/ | Kingdom, monarchy | From Dutch koninkrijk |
Republÿck | n. | /rɛːpyˈblik/ | Republic | From Dutch republijk |
Hîrlÿkheyd | n. | /ˈhɛːrlək.hɑi̯t/ | Municipality, fiefdom | From Dutch heerlijkheid |
Stadtsdîl | n. | /stɑts.dɛːl/ | Borough | From Dutch stadsdeel |
Pogrom | n. | /pɔɡrɔm/ | Pogrom, riot with intent to persecute | From Yiddish פּאָגראָם |
Patrön | n. | /pɑːˈtroːn/ | Plantation owner, lord of a manor | From Dutch patroon |
Raedpensionaris | n. | /ˈrɑːt.pæn.ʃoːˌnɑː.rɛs/ | The head of state of New Netherland | From Dutch raadpensionaris |
Schout | n. | /sχɑu̯t/ | Sheriff, municipal officer | From Dutch schout |
Schepe | n. | /ˈsχeːpə/ | Magistrate, alderman | From Dutch schepen |
Polie | n. | /pɔ.liː/ | Governance, management, regulation | From French police |
Patria | n. | /ˈpɑ.tri.ɑ/ | Homeland, motherland, land of origin | From Latin patria |
Religious
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Predikasie | n. | /prɛdəkʌsi/ | Sermon | From English predication |
Jesus Chrestus | n. | /ˌjeː.zʌs ˈkræs.tʌs/, /ˈχrɛs.tʌs/ | Jesus Christ | From Dutch Jezus Christus |
Kerck | n. | /kærk/ | Church | From Dutch kerk |
Djom | n. | /ʒɔːm/ | Mosque | From Levantine Arabic جامع |
Kerste | n. | /ˈkær.stə/, /ˈχær-/ | Christian | From Dutch kersten |
Müslman | n. | /muːsɫ.mɑːn/ | Muslim | From Ottoman Turkish مسلمان |
Jöd | n. | /jʌt/, /jɔːt/ | Jew, Yiddish person | From Dutch Jood |
Katholicism | n. | /kɑ.toːˈlik.æsm/ | Catholicism | From French Catholicisme |
Eslem | n. | /ɛsˈlæːm/, /ɛsˈlɔːm/ | Islam | From Levantine Arabic إسلام |
Djudesm | n. | /ʒyd.æːsm/ | Judaism | From French judaïsme |
Huguenot | n. | /ˈyː.ɡə.nɔ/ | Huguenot | From French and English Huguenot |
Zün | n. | /zun/ | Atonement, penance | From Dutch zoen |
Johannes Calvÿn | n. | /joˈhɑnæs kɑlˈvɑi̯n/ | John Calvin | From Dutch Johannes Calvijn |
Döp(e) | v. | /ˈdoːpə/ | To baptize, to christen | From Dutch doopen |
Social
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lughe | n. | /ˈluːχə/ | Lie, a false statement | From Dutch leugen |
Nom | n. | /nɔːm/ | Name | From Dutch naam, influenced by French nom |
Friendt | n. | /fɹænt/ | Friend, companion | From Dutch vriend, influenced by English friend |
Time
Term | Form | IPA | Definition | Etymology |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jaer | n. | /jɑːr/ | Year | From Dutch jaar |
Morge | adv., n. | /ˈmɔrχə/ | Tomorrow | From Dutch morgen |
Gestere | adv., n. | /ˈgɛs.tə.rə/ | Yesterday | From Dutch gisteren |
Ogten | n. | /ˈɔχ.tən/ | Morning, dawn | From Dutch ochtend |
Middag | n. | /ˈmi.dɑχ/ | Noon, midday | From Dutch middag |
Apremie | n. | /ɑ.prɛ.mi/ | Afternoon | From French après-midi |
Soir | n. | /swɑː/ | Evening, twilight | From French soir |
Avondt | n. | /ˈɑː.vɔnt/ | Evening, night | From Dutch avond |
Miscellaneous
- Ik wil ît it if it is în weynig bît.
See also
Resources