Talk:Standard Chinese: Difference between revisions
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(Made initial and final charts for the Cantonese-influenced ONP.) |
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= Cantonese-influenced ONP = |
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= Phonology/orthography = |
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{| class="wikitable |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Initials chart |
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! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |
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! rowspan="2" |Labial |
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! rowspan="2" |Alveolar |
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! rowspan="2" |Retroflex |
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! rowspan="2" |Palatals |
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! colspan="2" |Velar |
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! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
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|- |
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!<small>plain</small> |
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!<small>labial</small> |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" |Nasal |
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|m [m] 摸 |
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|n [n] 挪 |
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|ng [ng] 我 |
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! rowspan="2" |Stop |
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!<small>plain</small> |
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|b [p] 波 |
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|d [t] 多 |
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|g [k] 哥 |
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|gw [kʷ] 姑 |
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|[ʔ] 亞 |
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|- |
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!<small>aspirated</small> |
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|p [pʰ] 婆 |
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|t [tʰ] 拖 |
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|k [kʰ] 卡 |
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|kw [kʷʰ] 箍 |
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! rowspan="2" |Affricative |
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!<small>plain</small> |
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|z [ts] 知 |
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!<small>aspirated</small> |
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|c [tsʰ] 雌 |
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! rowspan="2" |Fricative |
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!<small>plain</small> |
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|f [f] 科 |
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|s [s] 思 |
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| colspan="2" |x [ʂ]~[ʃ] 書 |
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| rowspan="2" |h [h] 何 |
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!<small>voiced</small> |
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|r [ʐ] 肉 |
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! colspan="2" |Approximant |
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|l [l] 羅 |
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|j [j] 也 |
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|w [w] 華 |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Finals chart |
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! rowspan="2" |OTL |
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! rowspan="2" |IPA |
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! |
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! colspan="3" |Oral |
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! colspan="3" |Nasal |
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! colspan="3" |Checked<sup>3</sup> |
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! |
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!- |
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!-i |
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!-u |
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!-m |
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!-n |
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!-ng |
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!-p |
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!-t |
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!-k, -ck |
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|- |
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|aa |
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|[a] |
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!aa |
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|a |
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|[ɐ] |
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!a |
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|e<sup>4</sup> |
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|[ɛ~e] |
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!e |
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|i |
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|[i] |
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!i |
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|o |
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|[ɔ~o] |
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!o |
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|u |
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|[u~ʊ] |
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!u, oe |
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|oe |
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|[œ] |
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!eu |
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|eo |
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|[ɵ] |
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!eo |
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|yu |
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|[y] |
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!ju |
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! colspan="3" |- |
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===== Notes ===== |
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* <sup>3</sup>While checked tones are often pronounced as glottal stops [ʔ], they are always represented in formal writing. |
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* <sup>4</sup>/e/ may be pronounced as [ə] or [ɤ] by some northern Chinese speakers. |
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= Old attempts = |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
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! colspan="10" |Consonant chart |
! colspan="10" |Consonant chart |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
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! colspan="4" |Consonants |
! colspan="4" |Consonants |
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! |
! |
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|'''''w'''ine'' |
|'''''w'''ine'' |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |
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== Tones == |
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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |
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|+Tones |
|+Tones |
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!Tone Numbers |
!Tone Numbers |
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= Resources = |
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* https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chinese_(Mandarin)/Pronunciation_of_Finals |
* https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chinese_(Mandarin)/Pronunciation_of_Finals |
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* http://www.pinyin.info/rules/initials_finals.html |
* http://www.pinyin.info/rules/initials_finals.html |
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Revision as of 01:24, 2 October 2022
Cantonese-influenced ONP
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatals | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | |||||||
| Nasal | m [m] 摸 | n [n] 挪 | ng [ng] 我 | |||||
| Stop | plain | b [p] 波 | d [t] 多 | g [k] 哥 | gw [kʷ] 姑 | [ʔ] 亞 | ||
| aspirated | p [pʰ] 婆 | t [tʰ] 拖 | k [kʰ] 卡 | kw [kʷʰ] 箍 | ||||
| Affricative | plain | z [ts] 知 | ||||||
| aspirated | c [tsʰ] 雌 | |||||||
| Fricative | plain | f [f] 科 | s [s] 思 | x [ʂ]~[ʃ] 書 | h [h] 何 | |||
| voiced | r [ʐ] 肉 | |||||||
| Approximant | l [l] 羅 | j [j] 也 | w [w] 華 | |||||
| OTL | IPA | Oral | Nasal | Checked3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | -i | -u | -m | -n | -ng | -p | -t | -k, -ck | |||
| aa | [a] | aa | |||||||||
| a | [ɐ] | a | |||||||||
| e4 | [ɛ~e] | e | |||||||||
| i | [i] | i | |||||||||
| o | [ɔ~o] | o | |||||||||
| u | [u~ʊ] | u, oe | |||||||||
| oe | [œ] | eu | |||||||||
| eo | [ɵ] | eo | |||||||||
| yu | [y] | ju | |||||||||
| - | |||||||||||
Notes
- 3While checked tones are often pronounced as glottal stops [ʔ], they are always represented in formal writing.
- 4/e/ may be pronounced as [ə] or [ɤ] by some northern Chinese speakers.
Old attempts
| Consonant chart | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Dental | Sibilant | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labialised | Glottal | ||
| Stop or affricate | voiceless | p | t | ts | tʂ | k | ʔ | ||
| aspirate | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | tʂʰ | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | x | ||||
| voiced | |||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||||
| Consonants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | Pinyin | Romanization | Notes | Approximation |
| p | b | b | spy | |
| pʰ | p | p | pie | |
| m | m | m | ||
| f | f | f | ||
| t | d | d | stand | |
| tʰ | t | t | tan | |
| n | n | n | ||
| l | l | l | ||
| ts | z | ch/z | Replaces obsolete sound t͡ɕ | cats |
| tsʰ | c | Replaces obsolete sound t͡ɕʰ | ||
| s | s | s | ||
| tʂ | zh | zh | ||
| ʈ͡ʂʰ | ch | |||
| ʂ | sh | sh | ||
| j | y | y/j | you | |
| ɥ | yu- | |||
| k | g | g | ||
| kʰ | k | k | can | |
| ŋ | ng | ng | ||
| x | h | h | ||
| w | w | w | wine | |
| Tone Numbers | Name | Tone markers | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | High flat | ā | |
| 2 | Rising | á | |
| 3 | Falling-rising | ǎ | |
| 4 | Falling | à | |
| 5 | Neutral | a | |
