Talk:List of languages: Difference between revisions
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== Kikongo
{| class="wikitable
!Dialect/language
!Classification
!Geographic reach
|-
!Kisikongo
| rowspan="3" |Southern Kikongo
|West of the Inkisi river and in metropolitan areas
|-
!Kisolongo
|Soyo province and northern Mbamba
|-
!Kizombo
|East of the Inkisi river
|-
!Kiṭandu
|Eastern Kikongo
|Eastern Ṣundi, Mpundu, and Ocango
|}
==== Sources ====
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695462/
* https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8586729/file/8586730.pdf
* [http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(IRCB)_T.II,1_LAMAN%20K.-E._Dictionaire%20Kikongo-Fran%C3%A7ais%20_1936.pdf French Kikongo dictionary]
* [https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/African/Niger-Congo/Bantu/Kikongo%3B%20Gram%C3%A1tica%20da%20l%C3%ADngua%20do%20Congo%20%28Tavares%29%20%281915%29.pdf Portuguese Kisolongo dictionary]
== Japanese ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Consonants
|-
!IPA
!IOTL
!Letter
!
!IPA
!IOTL
!Letter
|-
|b
|
!
|
|n
|n
!n
|-
|ɕ
|
!sj, x
|
|ɲ
|n, ny
!nh, nj
|-
|d
|
!d
|
|ŋ
|ng
!ng
|-
|dz
|z
!z
|
|p
|p
!p
|-
|dʑ, ʑ
|j
!dj
|
|ɾ
|r
!r
|-
|ɸ
|f
!f
|
|s
|s
!s
|-
|g
|g
!g
|
|t
|t
!t
|-
|h
|
!
|
|tɕ
|ch, tch
!tsj, tx
|-
|j
|y
!j
|
|ts
|ts
!ç
|-
|k
|
!c, qu
|
|w
|
!w
|-
|m
|
!m
|
|z
|
!z
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Vowels
|-
!
!IOTL
!Letter
!
!
!IOTL
!Letter
|-
|a
|
!
|
|o
|o
!o
|-
|e
|e
!e
|
|ɯ
|u
!u, oo
|
|i
|
!i
|
|<big>ː</big>
|◌̄
!◌̄
|}
==== Notes ====
* When used as particles, the following characters are romanized as follows; は (''wa''), へ (''je'' or ''e''), を (''o'').
* When followed by a vowel or <j>, <n> (ん) is written with an apostrophe (').
* The consonants <nowiki><b>, <g>, <m>, <p>, and <r> may be palatalized, meaning they are affixed with the /</nowiki><sup>j</sup>/ phenome, resulting in combinations like /bʲ/. For example, びょう may be romanized as ''biō'' ''(''IOTL ''byō'').
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Latest revision as of 02:40, 7 September 2022
Ioruba orthography
Consonants | |
---|---|
IPA | Letter |
b | b |
d | d |
d͡ʒ | j |
f | f |
g | g |
ɡ͡b | q |
h | h |
j | i |
k | k |
k͡p | p |
l | l |
m | m |
n | n |
r | r |
s | s |
ʃ | x |
t | t |
w | u |
Vowels | ||
---|---|---|
IPA | Letter | Nasalized |
a | a | an |
e | e | |
ɛ | en | |
i | i | in |
o | o | |
ɔ | ô | on |
u | u | un |
Tones | ||
◌́ | é | én |
◌̄ | e | en |
◌̀ | è | èn |
Kikongo
Dialect/language | Classification | Geographic reach |
---|---|---|
Kisikongo | Southern Kikongo | West of the Inkisi river and in metropolitan areas |
Kisolongo | Soyo province and northern Mbamba | |
Kizombo | East of the Inkisi river | |
Kiṭandu | Eastern Kikongo | Eastern Ṣundi, Mpundu, and Ocango |
Sources
Japanese
Consonants | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | IOTL | Letter | IPA | IOTL | Letter | |
b | b | b | n | n | n | |
ɕ | sh | sj, x | ɲ | n, ny | nh, nj | |
d | d | d | ŋ | ng | ng | |
dz | z | z | p | p | p | |
dʑ, ʑ | j | dj | ɾ | r | r | |
ɸ | f | f | s | s | s | |
g | g | g | t | t | t | |
h | h | h | tɕ | ch, tch | tsj, tx | |
j | y | j | ts | ts | ç | |
k | k | c, qu | w | w | w | |
m | m | m | z | z | z |
Vowels | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPA | IOTL | Letter | IPA | IOTL | Letter | |
a | a | a | o | o | o | |
e | e | e | ɯ | u | u, oo | |
i | i | i | ː | ◌̄ | ◌̄ |
Notes
- When used as particles, the following characters are romanized as follows; は (wa), へ (je or e), を (o).
- When followed by a vowel or <j>, <n> (ん) is written with an apostrophe (').
- The consonants <b>, <g>, <m>, <p>, and <r> may be palatalized, meaning they are affixed with the /j/ phenome, resulting in combinations like /bʲ/. For example, びょう may be romanized as biō (IOTL byō).