Talk:Amerikaens: Difference between revisions
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|d<ref>/d/ is devoiced at the ends of words as /t/.</ref> |
|d<ref>/d/ is devoiced at the ends of words as /t/.</ref> |
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|g<ref>/g/ |
|g<ref>/g/ is an allophone of [χ] and is also used in loanwords. </ref> |
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!voiced<ref>Voiced fricatives are generally devoiced by the majority of Amerikaens speakers.</ref> |
!voiced<ref>Voiced fricatives are generally devoiced by the majority of Amerikaens speakers.</ref> |
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|v |
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|z |
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|ʒ |
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|ɦ |
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! colspan="2" |Approximant |
! colspan="2" |Approximant |
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! colspan="2" |Rhotic |
! colspan="2" |Rhotic |
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| colspan="3" |r<ref>[ʁ] and [ɾ] are |
| colspan="3" |r<ref>[ʁ] and [ɾ] are allophones.</ref> |
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<references /> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Vowels |
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! |
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! colspan="3" |Front |
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! colspan="3" |Central |
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! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Back |
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! |
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! colspan="2" |<small>unrounded</small> |
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! rowspan="2" |<small>rounded</small> |
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! rowspan="2" |<small>unrounded</small> |
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! colspan="2" |<small>rounded</small> |
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! |
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!<small>short</small> |
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!<small>long</small> |
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!<small>short</small> |
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!<small>long</small> |
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!<small>short</small> |
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!<small>long</small> |
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!Close |
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|i |
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|i: |
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|y: |
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|u: |
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!Close-mid |
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|eː |
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|o: |
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!Mid |
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|ɛ |
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|ə |
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|œ |
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|œ: |
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|ɔ |
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|ɔ: |
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!Near-open |
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|æ |
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|æ: |
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!Open |
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|(a) |
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|ʌ |
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|ɑ |
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|ɑ: |
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!Diphthongs |
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| colspan="8" |ɑi æi ɑu ɛu œu ɔu ɔi |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Graphemes of vowels |
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! rowspan="2" |Grapheme |
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! colspan="2" |IPA |
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!checked |
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!free |
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|a |
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|/ɑ/, /ʌ/ |
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|/ɑ:/ |
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|ae |
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|/ɑ/ |
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|e |
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|/ɛ/, /ə/ |
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|/eː/, /ə/ |
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|o |
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|/ɔ/, /ʌ/ |
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|/o:/ |
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|ö |
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| colspan="2" |/o:/ |
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|ai, aei |
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| colspan="2" |/ɑi/, /æi/ |
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|au(x), eau(x) |
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| colspan="2" |/o:/ |
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|auw |
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| colspan="2" |/ɔu/ |
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|ie |
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|/i/, /ə/ |
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|/i:/ |
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|î |
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| colspan="2" |/e:/ |
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|îuw, ieuw |
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| colspan="2" |/e:u/, /iu/ |
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|ey |
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| colspan="2" |/ɛi/ |
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|eu |
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| colspan="2" |/œ:/ |
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|oi |
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| colspan="2" |/ɔi/ |
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|ou. ouw |
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| colspan="2" |/ɔu/ |
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|ÿ |
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| colspan="2" |/ɑi/, /æi/ |
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|ü |
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| colspan="2" |/u:/ |
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|uy, üy |
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| colspan="2" |/œu/, /ɛu/ |
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|ue |
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| colspan="2" |/y:/ |
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|uw |
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| colspan="2" |/yu/ |
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=== Old Orthography Reference === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
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!Dutch |
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|aa |
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|d |
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|ee |
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| ei |
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|f |
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|ij |
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|k |
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|l |
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|m |
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|oo |
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|oe |
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|ui |
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|uu |
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!Amerikaens |
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|ae |
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|dt{{ref|l}} |
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|î |
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|ey |
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|v{{ref|l}} |
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| ÿ |
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|ck |
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|ll{{ref|m}} |
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|mm{{ref|m}} |
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|ö |
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|ü |
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|uy |
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|ue |
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Latest revision as of 20:09, 6 August 2023
Lexicon
Pronouns- Common Words- Other Wordss-
Koetoe
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | |
| voiced | b | d[1] | g[2] | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | χ[3] | h |
| voiced[4] | v | z | ʒ | ɦ | ||
| Approximant | w[5] | l | j | |||
| Rhotic | r[6] | |||||
- ↑ /d/ is devoiced at the ends of words as /t/.
- ↑ /g/ is an allophone of [χ] and is also used in loanwords.
- ↑ Merger of /ɣ/ and /x/. Before /j/, it can be fronted to /ç/.
- ↑ Voiced fricatives are generally devoiced by the majority of Amerikaens speakers.
- ↑ Due to influence from French and English, the original Dutch /ʋ/ came to be realised as /w/.
- ↑ [ʁ] and [ɾ] are allophones.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |||
| Close | i | i: | y: | u: | ||||
| Close-mid | eː | o: | ||||||
| Mid | ɛ | ə | œ | œ: | ɔ | ɔ: | ||
| Near-open | æ | æ: | ||||||
| Open | (a) | ʌ | ɑ | ɑ: | ||||
| Diphthongs | ɑi æi ɑu ɛu œu ɔu ɔi | |||||||
| Grapheme | IPA | |
|---|---|---|
| checked | free | |
| a | /ɑ/, /ʌ/ | /ɑ:/ |
| ae | /ɑ/ | |
| e | /ɛ/, /ə/ | /eː/, /ə/ |
| o | /ɔ/, /ʌ/ | /o:/ |
| ö | /o:/ | |
| ai, aei | /ɑi/, /æi/ | |
| au(x), eau(x) | /o:/ | |
| auw | /ɔu/ | |
| ie | /i/, /ə/ | /i:/ |
| î | /e:/ | |
| îuw, ieuw | /e:u/, /iu/ | |
| ey | /ɛi/ | |
| eu | /œ:/ | |
| oi | /ɔi/ | |
| ou. ouw | /ɔu/ | |
| ÿ | /ɑi/, /æi/ | |
| ü | /u:/ | |
| uy, üy | /œu/, /ɛu/ | |
| ue | /y:/ | |
| uw | /yu/ | |
Old Orthography Reference
| Dutch | aa | d | ee | ei | f | ij | k | l | m | oo | oe | ui | uu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amerikaens | ae | dt[1] | î | ey | v[2] | ÿ | ck | ll[3] | mm[4] | ö | ü | uy | ue |
