Standard Chinese: Difference between revisions
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| imagesize = 300px
| nativename = 華語
| pronunciation = [
| states = [[China]]
| ethnicity = [[Chinese people]]
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| script = Chinese characters
| nation = [[China]]
|boxsize=200px|fam2=Sinitic|fam3=Mandarin|fam4=Namging Mandarin}}'''Standard Chinese''' (華語, ''hwaü'', /
The language is written with Chinese characters and has possessed one officially recognized romanization system since the 1940s. Today, this standard variety is mostly spoken within China. Nevertheless, it has varying degrees of influence in countries such as [[Mongolia]], [[Serindia]], [[Soenda]], [[Poeja]], [[Tauland]], [[Viet Nam]], [[Pinang]], and the [[Westerzee|Westerzee province]] of [[Tussenland]], among others.
== History ==
The basis for the Standard Chinese of today began forming after the [[Canton War]], where the [[Qing|Qing dynasty]] was split into two states. At that point in time, the court dialect of the empire was mainly based on that of Namging, though there was a conscious shift in favor of the dialect of Beiging, the capital. As a result of the War, the two court dialects of Namging and Beiging were forcibly isolated from one another, with the former being used in the
During the period of partition, the Namging dialect became increasingly influenced by Cantonese, which had been standardized and adopted as one of the primary languages of the southern government. Several phonetic shifts occurred in Namging Mandarin over these seven decades, with many of these changes resembling those of 17th century Mandarin. Notables ones include the revival of the ''-m'' coda and ''ŋ-'' initial, [x] becoming a glottal [h], general de-palatalization, as well as the loss of any retroflex sounds acquired from northern Mandarin dialects up until that point.
By the early 1920s, the new dialect of Namging (what now is Standard Chinese) began being studied by linguists in [[China]] as well as in [[Japan]] and [[Tauland]]. As a consequence of the Sinwei coup
== Geographic distribution ==
Standard Chinese is predominately used within the [[China|Chinese Republic]]. However, Chinese populations in America, Indonesia, [[Tauland]], and other regions do tend to employ the variety as a ''lingua franca'' between Chinese communities of various ethnolinguistic backgrounds.
== Phonology ==
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* The checked tone ''ʔ'' and ''-m'' codas are maintained. For example, 甘肅 is read as ''Gamsu'' /ka<u>m</u>su/.
* [ts, tsʰ, s] are often palatalized to [tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ] in front of front high vowels, a feature called ''źiantwanholiw'' 尖團合流. It is represented in orthography by placing an acute accent ◌́ over the consonant to indicate its palatalization.
* Retroflexes found in Beiging Mandarin are merged into their alveolar counterparts.
==== Semi-vowels ====
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!/ɥ/
|y [ɥ]
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