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== Phonology ==
Standard Chinese consists of 17 initials and 41 finals.
==== Consonants ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatals
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m [m] 摸
|n [n] 挪
|
|ng [ŋ] 我
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|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!<small>plain</small>
|b [p] 波
|d [t] 多
|
|g [k] 哥
|[ʔ] 亞
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|p [pʰ] 婆
|t [tʰ] 拖
|
|k [kʰ] 卡
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|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricative
!<small>plain</small>
|
|z [ts] 知
|
|
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|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|
|c [tsʰ] 雌
|
|
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|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|f [f] 科
|s [s] 思
|x [ʃ] 書
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|h [h] 何
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
|l [l] 羅
|j [j] 也
|w [w] 華
|
|}
==== Vowels ====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="6" |Oral
! colspan="3" |Nasal
! colspan="5" |Medial
|-
!-
!-a
!-e
!-o
!-i
!-u
!-m
!-n
!-ng
!-ai
!-au
!-an
!-ang
!-ong
|-
|[a]
!a
|a 呀
|
|
|
|ai 矮
|au 歐
|am 痷
|an 恩
|ang 鶯
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|-
|[ɛ~e]
!e
|e 誒
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|ei 非
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|em 舐
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|eng 鏡
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|-
|[i~ɪ]
!i
|i 衣
|ia 夏
|ie 切
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|
|iu 妖
|im 淹
|in 煙
|ing 英
|
|iau 喬
|ian 僉
|iang 彊
|iong 匔
|-
|[ɔ~o]
!o
|o 柯
|
|
|
|oi 哀
|ou 奧
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|on 安
|ong 康
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|-
|[u~ʊ]
!u
|u 烏
|ua 㔍
|
|uo 國
|ui 煨
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|
|un 碗
|ung 甕
|uai 膗
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|uan 汆
|uang 刅
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|-
|[œ]
!'''eu'''
|eu 靴
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|eun 順
|eung 香
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|-
|[y]
!'''iu'''
|iu 於
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|iun 冤
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|iuan 傳
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|}
== Romanisation ==
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