Standard Chinese: Difference between revisions
From Roses, Tulips, & Liberty
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'''Mandarin''' (Chinese: 華語
== History ==
== Geographic distribution ==
== Phonology ==
====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Palatals
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m [m] 摸
|n [n] 挪
|
|ng [ŋ] 我
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!<small>plain</small>
|b [p] 波
|d [t] 多
|
|g [k] 哥
|[ʔ] 亞
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|p [pʰ] 婆
|t [tʰ] 拖
|
|k [kʰ] 卡
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Affricative
!<small>plain</small>
|
|z [ts] 知
|
|
|
|-
!<small>aspirated</small>
|
|c [tsʰ] 雌
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|f [f] 科
|s [s] 思
|[ʃ] 書
|
|h [h] 何
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|
|l [l] 羅
|j [j] 也
|w [w] 華
|
|}
====
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="5" |Oral
! colspan="3" |Nasal
|-
!-
!-a
!-e
!-i
!-u
!-m
!-n
!-ng
|-
|[a]
!a
|a 呀
|
|
|ai 矮
|au 歐
|am 痷
|an 恩
|ang 鶯
|-
|[ɛ~e]
!e
|e 誒
|
|
|ei 非
|
|em 舐
|
|eng 鏡
|-
|[i]
!i
|i 衣
|ia
|ie
|
|iu 妖
|im 淹
|in 煙
|ing 英
|-
|[ɔ~o]
!o
|o 柯
|
|
|oi 哀
|ou 奧
|
|on 安
|ong 康
|-
|[u~ʊ]
!u
|u 烏
|ua
|
|ui 煨
|
|
|un 碗
|ung 甕
|-
|[œ]
!'''eu'''
|eu 靴
|
|
|
|
|
|eun 順
|eung 香
|-
|[y]
!'''iu'''
|iu 於
|
|
|
|
|
|iun 冤
|
|}
==== Finals of Northern Mandarin ====
Several finals that exist in Northern Mandarin dialects do not exist in Standard Mandarin. They are instead substituted with other finals in order to read certain characters.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Original final
!Replacement
|-
|喬
|iao
|iu
|-
|僉
|ian
|im
|-
|彊
|iang
|eung
|-
|匔
|iong
|ung, eng
|-
|鎈
|uo
|o, iu
|-
|膗
|uai
|oi, ai, a
|-
|汆
|uan
|iun
|-
|刅
|uang
|ong
|-
|傳
|üan
|eung
|}
==
== See also ==
| |||
