Brasil: Difference between revisions
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== Government and politics ==
[[File:PTBR GOVERNMENT .png|thumb|Scheme displaying the functioning of the government of the Luso-Brasilian Union]]Since 1981, Brasil is a federal republic. The government follows three constitutional powers: the Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary. The Executive Power is on the hands of president elected by popular vote every four years. The Legislative Power is divided into a two chamber parliament: the Senate and the House of Deputies. Elected every six and four years, respectively. Judiciary Power is represented by the Brasilian Supre Court where appointed members have an eight years long term.
Brasil is divided into eleven federal units: ten states and the specially administrated city of Rio de Janeiro called Município Neutro (Neutral Municipality). The states and the Município Neutro have a certain degree of autonomy on their interal affairs, although still subjects to the Federal Government.
==== Autonomous Territory of Brasil (1879-1922) ====▼
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Brasil is a constitutional parliamentary monarchy under the House of Braganza. Therefore, the monarchs have their power limited by a constitution and act only as the Head of State of the country. In the case of Brasil, which is in a dual monarchy with Portugall, the monarch took the role of appointing common ministers to both constituent countries. They are the Royal Chancellor for foreign affairs and the minister of defense . The role of Head of Government is put in the hands of the prime minister.▼
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The Autonomous Territory of Brasil was the first Brasilian government after colonial times. Established in 1879, Brasil gained a certain amount of autonomy, but was still under high Portuguese influence and surveillance. During this period, partial suffrage was granted to the population and for this first time, Brasilians could be elected to public offices in the parliament. In practice, only men from the former colonial elite had any of those rights, since vote was not allowed to women, uneducated and bellow a the certain income margin of 100 thousand réis montly. Thus, excluding almost all of the population.
Portugal still appointed the General Governor, title created in place of Viceroy, every five years. The crown could also disolve the Brasilian parliament at any moment.
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