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{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Russian National Republic|common_name=Russia|image_flag=RTL Flag Russia.png|native_name=Российская Государственная Республика|image_map=RTL_Locator_Russia.png|map_width=325px|flag_width=200px|capital=Moscow|official_languages=Russian|regional_languages=Tatar </br> Bashkir </br> Estonian </br> Lettish </br> Lithuanian </br> Circassian </br> Buryat </br> Yakut </br> Several others|government_type=Federation of national republics|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list | 84% Slavs </br> 5% Turkic peoples </br> 1% Balts </br> 10% Others}}|ethnic_groups_year=1960}}
{{Nation
|common_name=Russia
|full_name=Russian National Republic
|local_name=Россия
|lifespan=
|flag=RTL_Flag_Russia.png
|map=RTL_Locator_Russia.png
|established=
|motto=
|capital= Moscow
|largest_city=
|population=
|government_type=Republic
|area=
|languages=Russian (official) </br> Turkic dialects </br> Georgian </br> Others
|currency=
}}
 
'''Russia''' (Cyrillic: Россия), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabetofficially Perso-Arabic]:the روسیه‎)'''Russian National Republic''', is a transcontinental county spanning from Eastern Europe to Northern Asia. It is one of the largest countries in the world by area and has one of the largest populations. It borders several countries including [[Mongolia]], [[Turkestan]], [[Persia]], & [[Poland]].
 
==History==
{{Main|History of Russia}}
In the early 17th century, the Romanov dynasty took control of the Russian state, with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_of_Russia Michael I] being crowned Tsar. Russia began expanding east at an unprecedented rate. During the [[History of Europe#Great Silesian War|Silesian War]], Russia indirectly cooperated with the Anglo-Austrian coalition against Prussia, being awarded the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia in the treaty of 1755.
 
In the late 18th century, Russia began expanding further into the Pacific, forming the Kurile Island Company in 1788 and establishing dominance of what would become [[Alyeska]]. In 1832, the Russo-Dutch Treaty established the border between Russian and Dutch colonies in North America. During the [[Augustine Wars]] of the 1810s, Russia expanded into Circassia and began a new wave of invasions against [[Persia]].
=====Medieval period (880-1547)=====
The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. The medieval state of Rus' arose in the 9th century. In 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated until the Grand Duchy of Moscow finally reunified it in the 15th century.
 
Russia participated in the 1832-1834 partition of [[Poland]], gaining Baltic territories and subsequently increasing their ability to exert influence in Europe. After many failed attempts to further exert their influence eastwards, the Pacific Company was established in 1861 and maintained a steady hold on Russian America for decades to come. Russia also came to rival the [[Britain|British empire]] in Asia, resulting in the eventual formation of buffer states like [[Mongolia]] and [[Serindia]].
=====Early imperial period (1547-1750) =====
The Tsar promulgated a new code of laws, established the first Russian feudal representative body, curbed the influence of the clergy, and introduced local self-management in rural regions. Ivan the Terrible doubled the already large Russian territory during his long reign by annexing the three Tatar khanates; Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia.
 
In the 1860s, the fragile Tsar Alexander III and his Romanov dynasty was steadily overshadowed by his [[Netherlands|Dutch]] nephew-in-law [[Henry-Williams]]. The death of Alexander III in 1867 provoked a crisis of succession, leading to Henry-Williams triumphing over the ill and unpopular heir presumptive, Prince Ivan. Co-ruling with his Romanov wife [[Anna Petrovna, Tsarevna of Russia|Anna Petrovna]], they founded the House of Orange-Romanov, which would come to rule the empire for six decades. They became known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain Orthodox Monarchs of Russia] and would revitalize Russia through a series of reforms and wars. The Trans-Siberian Railway was soon constructed in order to rapidly advance the industrialization and militarization of the Siberian provinces. In 1868, the Russian empire annexed [[Ainu Mosir]], an anti-Japanese revolutionary client state which Russia backed in the 1830s.
By the end of the 16th century, Russia expanded east of the Ural Mountains, transforming into a transcontinental empire. In the east, the rapid Russian exploration and colonization of the vast territories of Siberia were primarily led by Cossacks hunting for valuable furs and ivory. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes. By the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in the Far East.
 
The new regime focused on expansion south and east rather than expansion west. The Russo-Ottoman War of 1884 pushed the [[Ottoman Empire]] out of Russia's sphere of influence, confining their European territories to those of modern [[Rumelia]] and expelling them from the Khanate of Crimea. The viceroyalties of [[Transpruthenia]] and [[Crimea]] were created soon after, finalizing Russia's penetration south towards the Ottomans. Russia's relationship with [[Austria]] deteriorated after the war due to false promises of territories, which would eventually manifest in violence in the 20th century.
==== Imperial Russia ====
 
In the 1920s, the [[European Economic Crisis]] triggered an economic depression, foreshadowed by decades of failing policies and cultural upheaval. Several nationalist and republican political factions which formed prior to the Crisis became immensely popular with the Russian public; the main organ of this revolution was the Republican Congress. Orkhonist rebels declared independence from Russia in 1924. In 1925, the Orange-Romanov monarchy was toppled, making way for internal divides within the revolutionaries. The liberal Republican Parliament and the Vosstanist National Congress rose to oppose each other, leading to a two-year civil war. By 1928, the Vosstanists defeated the Tricolour Army of the Parliament, firmly establishing [[National republicanism|national republican]] control over Russia and making history as the first successful national republic. The Vosstanist government rapidly initiated a series of administrative reforms, abolishing the old imperials state and creating a novel republican system of government. [[Ozero Murmsky|Anastaze 'Ozero' Murmsky]], a firebrand revolutionary, and first Chairman of the Republic, oversaw many of these projects and is subsequently recognized as the father of modern Russia.
===== Russian Succession Crisis =====
Shortly before his demise, Tsar Alexander III, appointed Orange-Nassau prince and his nephew-in-law, [[Henry-Williams]], as his chief naval reformer. Over the 1860s, Henry-Williams became wildly popular in Russia due to his success in modernizing the navy and his revitalisation of Russian culture. He was a popular topic for the press, had strong ties to the Russian elites, and assimilated into society.
 
In 1932, Russia, along with [[Japan]] and [[China]], [[Russo-Corean War|declared war]] against the burgeoning empire of Corea. Ending in 1935, the war resulted in the annexation of [[Poeja]] and an assertion of Russian influence in northeast Asia. The same year, Russia entered the [[Great War]] in the spring of 1935 when the [[Ottoman Empire]] declared war against them. Russia joined the [[United Kingdom]], [[Portugal]], and others in forming the [[Factions of the Great War#Cordial League|Cordial League]]. In 1936, Tripartite League forces laid siege to the city of Kiev for months. Chairman Ozero was forced to sign the Treaty of Akmolinsk in 1937, granting independence to the new Orkhonist state of [[Turkestan]]. Also in 1937, the Russo-Ottoman Compromise created the [[Rumelia|Rumelian National Republic]] and made Constantinople a Russo-Rumelian condominium. Russia's claims were formally acknowledged in the [[The Great War#Aftermath|Congress of Amsterdam]].
After the death of the Russian tsar Alexander III in 1867, the heir and eldest male prince, Ivan, was expected to inherit the Russian throne. At the time of his father's death, Ivan had been bedridden for over a year. He was extremely sick and was expected to be an incompetent leader, with Russian newspapers mocking his appearance and perceived inability to rule. Henry-Williams claimed the throne of Russia in opposition to Crown Prince Ivan, kicking off the Russian Succession Crisis.
 
Ozero, leader of the country for nearly two decades, dies in 1943 and is temporarily succeeded by pragmatist [[Mikhail Orlov]]. [[Semyon Kiselev]] becomes Chairman in 1958.
Henry-Williams, with support of the Netherlands, successfully became Tsar after eight months of fighting in 1868. He founded the dynastic branch, the [[House of Orange-Romanov]]. To gain additional legitimacy and appease conservative members of the royal family, Henry-Williams and his Russian wife became co-rulers. They became known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain Orthodox Monarchs of Russia].
 
===== Genrican period (1868-1884) =====
Being a past naval reformer, Tsar Henry shifted his focus to the expansion of Russia's influence in the Pacific. He created a Trans-Siberian railway to connect Russia's European core to its territories in the Far East. In the 1870s, the Russian court carried out a series of reforms.
 
===== Russo-Ottoman War (1884-1885) =====
Russia realized the weakness of Ottoman control in the Balkans and Crimea. After a series of revolts in the Balkans were put down harshly by Ottoman forces, Russia pledged support to the independence movements in Serbia and Romania. This led to Russia bringing Crimea, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Serbia under their sphere. [[Austria|Austria,]] who joined the war late, annexed a small part of the Ottoman Empire - though it was less than Russia promised.
 
====The Russian Revolution ====
In the 1920s, the [[European Economic Crisis]] and its effects hit Russia especially hard. In 1922, a series of crop failures and poor financial decisions by the Russian imperial authorities caused a financial crisis known as the Russian depression. During the depression, massive famines in Ukraine and the Don Kuban region sent thousands of refugees north towards urban centers such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Kiev. This led to food riots, strikes, and crackdowns by imperial authorities.
 
Around every large city in Russia, large shantytowns started popping up; these shantytowns were overcrowded, and disease outbreaks were common in them. During this period, anti-elite, anti-tsar, and pro-republican sentiments grew throughout the Russian empire. In 1923, the Russian Republican Congress (the largest republican organization in Russia at the time, also known as the R.R.C.) had over a million members in the Muscovite region alone. By the winter of 1925, the situation in Russia rapidly deteriorated, with most citizens believing that the Tsar mishandled the economic crisis and exacerbated the famines in the rural south through poor economic policy. Additionally, there was an outrage at the continued opulence of the Tzar, Tsarina, and nobilities lifestyles the peasantry starved.
 
===== Storming of the Winter Palace =====
On December 3rd, the winter palace was surrounded by a bread riot that swept through Moscow, and after 6 hours of rioting, the protestors stormed the Winter Palace. The nobility left the previous day to St. Petersburg (but upon hearing of the storming of the palace, left for Britain). After two days of further agitation and the breakdown of imperial civil control in Russia, the Russian Republican Congress declared the first Russian Republic and the end of imperial rule. After a week of tension with the new government, the imperial military reluctantly agreed to back the new government.
 
For the first month of its existence, the new Republic was stuck in a deadlock between the two major factions in government, the liberal republicans and the nationalist republicans (more commonly known as the Vosstanists (from Russian восстановление, vosstanovlenie) . Additionally, after the Tsar fled, many non-Russian regions of the empire declared independence, while the Russian military acted mostly autonomously from the Republics congress. In February of 1926, after the first wave of elections was marred with controversy. The Vosstanists walked out of congress and started to conspire to overthrow the liberal-republican-dominated congress. The following week after a series of negotiations with the military (led by General Mikhail Orlov) and the leaders of the Cossacks, the newly reformed Nationalist Republican or Vosstanist faction now known as the 'Russian National Congress' declared the Russian Republican Congress illegitimate. On Feburary 19th the breakaway Russian National Congress elected the writer and revolutionary Anastaze "Ozero" Muromsky as the chairman of the Republic.
 
==== Russian Civil War ====
The Russian Republican Congress reacted harshly to the National Congresses declaration and raised militias from loyalist cities and regions. By March of 1926, the Liberal Russian Republic relied only on a decentralized system of militias with dubious loyalties and often recruited from rebellious national interest groups who feared that the Vosstanists would destroy the local autonomy given to them by the Tsar's Viceroy system. This faction was often known collectively on the battlefield as the Tricolor Army due to their use of the Russian white, blue & red tricolor flag. Initially, the Tricolor Army was able to hold on to land in southern Russian, the Baltics and regions in Northern Russia.
 
In contrast, the Vosstanists were able to rapidly take control of the core of Russian ethnic and industrial land in the Muscovite region. They consolidated their rule with a variety of social and work programs, which alleviated the worst of the effects of the famines and economic crisis and the use of harsh authoritarian crackdowns on dissenters. The Vosstanists were able to push the Tricolor Republic Army out of North Russia by the summer of 1926. They then slowly turned their attention to their core region of support in south Russia. Throughout 1927, opponents from the Liberal Republic would try desperately to gain a foreign backer, first from the British and then the Ottomans, but as the European Economic Crisis raged, there was little desire from the other powers of Europe to get involved in a civil war that seemed to be already lost. However, they were able to find an ally in the Finnish Nationalist Republican insurgents that launched the Finnish revolution a year prior (1925).
 
By the winter of 1927, the Liberals realized their plight was doomed and so used their resources to provide an exodus route for the leaders, military, and businesspeople of the ill-fated republic. By February of 1928, there were only pockets of isolated fighting as the Vosstanists swept into Southern Russia and gained control. By March, the last battle of the Russian Civil War was over.
 
== Government and Politics ==
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* '''Committee of Internal Affairs (CIA)''': the CIA is the equivalent of the Committee of National Affairs for the ANRs. They can pass local laws, but have to be approved by the CNA. Its members are also selected by the local national republican party, but has to be approved by the CNA.
 
==== '''Sister Republics''' ====
Sister republics were nominally independent and sovereign states. They have their own government modeled after the Russian National Republic. However, unlike ANRs, they were not politically bound to the Russian National Republic. Most of the SRs created maintained close economic, military, and diplomatic ties with the Russian Nationalist Government. Examples of SRs include the Ainu National Republic.
 
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|''[[Mikhail Orlov]]''
|1943
|1947
|1944
|4 years
|326 days
|Interim leader
|-
|[[Semyon Kiselev]]
|1947
|1944
|1958
|1411 years
|
|-
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