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Persia: Difference between revisions
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Added Handover of Kishma and Ormus
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{{Infobox country|demonym=Persian<br>Aryan<br>Iranian|conventional_long_name=State of Persia|government_type=Constitutional monarchy|common_name=Persia|image_flag=Flag of Persia.png|capital=Shiraz|largest_city=Isfahan|official_languages=[[Persian language|Persian]]|languages_type=Minority languages|languages=Armenian<br>Kurdish dialects<br>Azari<br>Turkmen<br>Various others|established=1771|religion=Shi'i Islam <small>(predominant)</small><br>Sunni Islam<br>Eastern Orthodoxy<br>Various others|native_name=ایران}}
'''Persia'''
== History ==
Under the last Safavid shah Tahmasp II, the Safavid dynasty unexpectedly collapsed in the 1680s. Fiscal crises, foreign invasions, and the weakening of central authority caused the country's capital, Isfahan, to fall to a raid led by the Andar clan of the Pashtun Khelji tribe on the empire's eastern frontier (what was to become Afghanistan)
▲Under the last Safavid shah Tahmasp II, the Safavid dynasty unexpectedly collapsed in the 1680s. Fiscal crises, foreign invasions, and the weakening of central authority caused the country's capital, Isfahan, to fall to a raid led by the Andar clan of the Pashtun Khelji tribe on the empire's eastern frontier (what was to become Afghanistan). Shortly after the capture of the city, Timur Khan Andari established the Khelji empire there — a dynasty that would last for over seven decades. In 1684, an [[England|Anglo]]-[[Netherlands|Dutch]] coalition seized the islands of Kishma and Ormus from Persia.
Shortly after the capture of the city, Timur Khan Andari established the Khelji empire there — a dynasty that would last for over seven decades. In 1684, an [[England|Anglo]]-[[Netherlands|Dutch]] coalition seized the islands of Kishma and Ormus from Persia. Through the 18th century, Safavid princes served as powerless yet legitimizing figureheads under the Khelji ''khan''s.
From 1687 to the 1739 murder of Tahmasp III, four members of the Safavi dynasty served as powerless yet legitimizing figureheads under the Khelji ''khan''s. For the next 24 years, brothers Asfand Yar Khan and Inayatullah Khan ruled their realm until Persia's collapse into civil war in the 1760s. By the end of the decade, a Turkic Kizilbash tribe from Fars, the Dareshuri, captured the cities of Shiraz, Isfahan, Hamadan, and Yazd, establishing their dominance on the Persian plateau. In 1771, Eskander Qoli Khan declared the creation of a new dynasty which quickly conquered the country by the end of the century.▼
▲
==== Handover of Kishma and Ormus (1984) ====
{{Main|Handover of Kishma and Ormus}}
Despite the decolonization efforts in other parts of the British domain, the return of Kishma and Ormus to Persia was delayed due to fears of Russian influence. In 1964, the Treaty of Teheran was signed, vaguely promising the islands' return in the near future. A definitive agreement in 1981 set the stage for the formal handover, completed between 1982 and 1984. Provisions included safeguarding British businesses, creating a free trade zone, and granting the islands semi-autonomous status within Persia.
== See also ==
* [[Tadjikistan]]
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