Mexico
| Mexico | |
|---|---|
| The Republic of Mexico | |
| México | |
 | |
 Location of Mexico | |
| Established | Founding of New Spain - 1521
Independence from Spain and the establishment of the empire of Mexico - 1881 Republic of Mexico - 1919 |
| Capital | Ciudad de México |
| Largest City | Ciudad de México |
| Population | 230 Million |
| Government Type | Republic |
| Languages |
|
| Currency | Mexican Peso (MXN) |
Mexico (Spanish: México); (Náhuatl: Mēxihco), officially the Republic of Mexico (República de México), is a country in the southern and western portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the Amerikaner Free State; to the northeast by Tussenland and Opdamsland; to the east by South Tussenland and the Gulf of Mexico; to the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the south by Boschland. Mexico is the most populous nation in North America and the most populous Spanish-speaking nation in the world. The nations capital: Mexico city (Ciudad de México) or known as CDMX, is the largest metropolitan area of North America and in the Western Hemisphere. Other major Urban areas include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Los Angeles, San Antonio, Ciudad de Guatemala, Goudhaven, Jiménez and Santa Maria.
Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BC and is identified as a cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced civilizations including the Maya and the Aztecs. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico City, which then became known as New Spain. The Catholic Church played an important role as millions of indigenous inhabitants converted. The colony became rich due to heavy exploitation of deposits of precious materials. Mexico became an independent country after the successful coup of the government of New Spain by the former viceroy Jorge González de Güemes y Horcasitas against Spain in 1881 and the subsequent Mexican Independence Crisis, founding the Empire of Mexico.
After Mexico's defeat in the Mexican-Dutch Boer War, internal popularity and legitimacy of the Emperor of Mexico waned and in 1919 the Emperor of Mexico abdicated and after the Mexican constitutional crisis was replaced by the Republic of Mexico. During the 20th century economic and political rivalry between Mexico and New Netherlands dominated political discourse. Starting in the 1930's Mexico experienced a massive economic boom with investment and advancement in mining, refining, industry, manufacturing and agriculture sectors spurred by modernization policies of the Mexican government.
History
Early History
New Spain
Independence
During the Communard Wars the majority of Spain was occupied by communard forces and during this time the royal family and king Ferdinand VII sought refuge in New Spain for the duration of the war. While the king was staying in Mexico he became interested in the internal affairs of the colony and instituted a series of reforms that sought to hispanize New Spain's culture to a further degree and weaken the power of the local Mexican elites in favor of giving greater power to the royal military and peninsulare business elites who were in the king's inner circle. This increased tension between Spanish authorities and New Spain's population across social classes.