Mexico: Difference between revisions
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Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BC and is identified as a cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced civilizations including the Maya and the Aztecs. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico City, which then became known as New Spain. The Catholic Church played an important role as millions of indigenous inhabitants converted. The colony became rich due to heavy exploitation of deposits of precious materials. Mexico became an independent country after the successful coup of the government of New Spain by the former viceroy [[Jorge González de Güemes y Horcasitas]] against Spain in 1881 and the subsequent [[Mexican Independence Crisis]], founding the Empire of Mexico.
After Mexico's defeat in the [[Mexican-Dutch Boer War]], internal popularity and legitimacy of the Emperor of Mexico waned and in
== History ==
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=== Mexican Empire ===
The Mexican Empire under Emperor González sought to centralize control over all of New Spain's former holdings and embarked on a wave of reforms to consolidate power in Mexico city and in the military. In 1887 the Mexican government sent the military to crush the Central American rebellions centered in Guatemala and Honduras. They also sought to build economic and political relationships with other nations in the region including Saint-Domingue, Colombia and South Tussenland. During the 1890's Mexico became a important funder of the proposed Genoan Panama canal project.
In western North-America the fledgling Mexican Empire had a lot of potential in the region as a great power. The Mexican Empire, heavily religious and autocratic, wanted to centralize its power and display its might. In 1897, Mexico abolished home-rule for the autonomous Voortrekker states. The Dutch, who were generally sympathetic to the Voortrekkers, issued an ultimatum to Mexico: restore self-governance for the Dutch Boers, or else they will attack Mexico. Mexico wanting to centralize and exert control over the region refused and in 1901 the Dutch declared war in the [[Mexican-Dutch Boer war]]. Near the beginning of the war the former Dutch colony of the New Netherlands joined the war on the side of the Dutch Kingdom; additionally, the empire of Mexico overestimated their power and weren't able to match the newly modernized Dutch military. Throughout the war, the Dutch had managed to occupy the land they had lost to Spain, however they were only able to liberate only two of the five Voortrekker Republics (Westerzee and Kimoeënim). Things soon came to a stalemate, and in 1903 both parties agreed to meet in the neutral Republic of Virginia to settle matters, with the war ending in ''uti possidetis.'' The Treaty of Williamsburg, signed by both parties in the capital of the Virginian Republic, ended the 1st Boer War. Under this treaty, the land lost in the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war would be retroceded back to Tussenland. As for the Voortrekker Republics under Dutch control, it was decided that it was impractical to annex them into Tussenland, as they had their own unique blend of ''Dutch-Hispanic'' culture (as well as a large proportion of Catholics, proselytized by Spain and Mexico during 75 years of foreign rule). They were granted their own fully-sovereign and (partially) unified state: the ''Amerikaense Vrystaët, or the Amerikaanse Free State'' in English. The rest of the Voortrekker Republics that the Dutch were unable to occupy were allowed to remain under Mexico, as long as they guarantee self-rule to these regions in matters concerning internal affairs.
The end of the Mexican-Dutch war was a blow to the prestige and legitimacy of Mexico and the nescient republican and liberal movements within Mexico pounced at the chance to get rid of Emperor González. In 1909 the Mexican senate was occupied by republicans and the after a massive popular protest that shut down Mexico city, Emperor González abdicated and after a constitutional crisis with the army briefly taking control, the Mexican Republic was declared.
== Government and Politics ==
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