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The Treaty of Williamsburg, signed by both parties in the City of Williamsburg (Virginia), ended the war. Under this treaty, the land lost in the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war would be retroceded back to Tussenland. As for the Voortrekker Republics under Dutch control, the Kingdom of the Netherlands decided that it was impractical to annex them into Tussenland, as they already had their own unique blend of ''Dutch-Hispanic'' culture (as well as a large proportion of Catholics, proselytized by Spain and Mexico during 75 years of combined Spanish and Mexican rule). They were granted their fully-sovereign and (partially) unified state: the ''Amerikaense Vrystaët, or the Amerikaanse Free State''. The rest of the Voortrekker Republics that the Dutch were unable to occupy were allowed to remain under Mexico, as long as they guarantee self-rule to these regions in matters concerning internal affairs.
=== The
The end of the Mexican-Dutch war was a blow to Emperor Jorge Gonzales's prestige and legitimacy. The nascent republican and liberal movements within Mexico pounced at the chance to get rid of the emperor
In 1903 in the immediate aftermath of the war facing both external and internal political pressure Emperor González was forced to agree to a new constitution that limited the monarchy's power and created a representative legislature for the country. While initially this was applauded as a historic step towards democracy in Mexico it was soon apparent that these changes were more superficial than anything. By 1904 the new Mexican senate was stacked full of entrenched pro-monarchy politicians who owed exclusive loyalty towards Emperor González and acted as little more than a rubber stamp for the Monarchy. This arrangement angered many Mexicans whom had gained significant republican sympathies stemming from increased urbanization and spread of liberal, pro-republican ideas, literature and values from the rest of the Americas. Additionally the military was starting to grow disenchanted with further kleptocratic monarchial rule as the Emperor started to take a more hands on approach to military organization and governance (including a series of purges aimed at removing pro-republican officers from the Army and Navy).
In 1906 the Emperor personally removed the famous war general Juan- Guillermo Quesada known for his heroic defense of Los Angeles, personality and charisma from the army in fears that Juan Quesada's popularity amongst the common people could be a political challenge for the Emperor. This provokes a major wave of disapproval from the army officer core as well as mass public outrage. This move solidified the idea in the vast majority of minds of the Mexican people that the Emperor is little more than a tyrant and the post war constitution was as good as useless. Over the next 2 years Mexico is at a stage of near open revolt with a series of strikes, protests and riots wrecking havoc on the emperor's legitimacy and shutting down key urban areas of the country. By late 1908 the Army is in a state of near rebellion and stops enforcing the Emperor's crackdowns against protestors. This leads to a worried and frantic response from the Monarchy and Emperor Gonzales abdicates the throne to his favored son Agustín González Silva de Ciudad Mexico in order to hopefully appease reformers. This move backfires however and the new 31 year old Emperor is seen as both a puppet of his father and a remaining symbol of Monarchist tyranny.
In January of 1909 the country was in revolt and after a 128 day strike in Mexico city the army now again under the leadership of the former general Juan - Guillermo Quesada arrests the Emperor and his father which leads to the pro-monarchy senate, royal Court and rest of the royal family fleeing to the city of Monterrey calling for the release of the Emperor. The next day a collation of influential organized republican leaders convene and the later that week declare a new Mexican Republic. The old government of the Emperor (who now reside in Monterrey do not recognize this declaration and attempt to raise an paramilitary army from some of the remaining monarchist strongholds in Nuevo Leon and Veracruz. After several months of street clashes and political debate amongst the two competing governments the army stepped in and threw its support behind the republican congress. In the following weeks the monarchists forces surrendered and dissipated nationwide and on April 12th 1909 the Mexican Republic held it's first nationwide democratic elections.
== Government and Politics ==
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