Mexico: Difference between revisions

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=== Dutch Mexican War (1901-1903) ===
{{Main|Dutch-Mexican War}}
[[File:RTL Dutch Mexican War Map.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|413x413px|Territorial Changes after the [[Dutch-Mexican Dutch Boer War (Treaty of Williamsburg)]].]]
In western North America, the fledgling Mexican Empire had a lot of potential in the region as a great power. Heavily religious and autocratic, it wanted to centralize its authority and display its might. In 1897, Mexico abolished home rule for the autonomous Voortrekker (or Boer) states. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which was generally sympathetic to the Boers, saw this as an affront to their authority in North America and issued an ultimatum to Mexico: restore self-governance for the Dutch Boers states else they will attack Mexico. Mexico refused, and in 1901 the Dutch declared war, known as the [[Dutch-Mexican-Dutch Boer warWar]]. At the onset of the war, the former Dutch colony of the New Netherlands joined the war on the Dutch Kingdom's side.
 
Emperor González overestimated his new empire's might. TheIn Mexicana series of military engagements, Mexican forces made advancesterritorial ongains into Tussenland, butyet they were ultimately thwarted and pushed back by the combined Tussenlander and New Netherlander force eventually repelled itforces. Additionally, the Mexican navy was not able to match the newly modernized Dutch navy.
 
Throughout the latter half of the war, the Dutch had managed to occupy the land they had lost to Spain (Mizoerie and Acansa) during the [[2nd Dutch-Spanish War|2nd ofDutch-Spanish War (1850-1855)]]. However, they were only able to liberate only two of the five Voortrekker Republics (Westerzee and Kimoeënim). Things soon came to a stalemate, and in 1903 both parties agreed to meet in the neutral Republic of Virginia to settle matters, with the war ending in ''uti possidetis.''
 
The Treaty of Williamsburg, signed by both parties in the City of Williamsburg (Virginia), ended the war. Under this treaty, the land lost in the 2nd Dutch-Spanish war would be retroceded back to Tussenland. As for the Voortrekker Republics under Dutch control, the Kingdom of the Netherlands decided that it was impractical to annex them into Tussenland, as they already had their own unique blend of ''Dutch-Hispanic'' culture (as well as a large proportion of Catholics, proselytized by Spain and Mexico during 75 years of combined Spanish and Mexican rule). They were granted their fully-sovereign and (partially) unified state: the ''Amerikaense Vrystaët, or the'' Amerikaanse[[Amerikaens Free State'']]. The rest of the Voortrekker Republics that the Dutch were unable to occupy were allowedpermitted to remaincontinue under MexicoMexican sovereignty, asunder longthe ascondition that they guaranteemaintain self-rule to these regions ingovernance mattersover concerningtheir internal affairs.
 
=== The Mexican Revolution (1909) ===
The defeat at the Dutch-Mexican War (1901-1903) was a blow to Emperor Jorge Gonzales's prestige and legitimacy. The nascent Republican and Liberal movements within Mexico pounced at the chance to get rid of the Emperor. They started to organize for change with much greater ferocity and tenacity (under suppression by Mexican Imperial authorities).
 
In the immediate aftermath of the war, facing external and internal political pressure, Emperor González was forced to agree to a new constitution that limited the monarchy's power and create a representative legislature. While this was initially applauded as a historic step towards democracy in Mexico, it soon became apparent that these changes were only superficial. By 1904, the new Mexican senate was stacked full of entrenched monarchist politicians who owed exclusive loyalty to Emperor González and acted as little more than a "rubber-stamp" for the monarchy. This arrangement infuriated many Mexicans who had gained significant republican sympathies stemming from increased urbanization and the spread of liberal, pro-republican ideas, literature, and values from the republican movements happening around North America at the time. Additionally, the military was starting to grow disenchanted with the further kleptocratic monarchial rule as the Emperor began to take a more hands-on approach to military organization and governance (including a series of purges aimed at removing pro-republican officers from the Army and Navy).
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