Japan: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Empire of Japan|native_name=
'''Japan''' (Japanese: 日本, ''Nippon'' or ''Nihon)'' is an island country located in Northeast Asia. It shares a border with the [[Ainu Mosir|Ainu National Republic]] on the island of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido Ezo] and a maritime border with [[Tauland]].
==History==
{{Main|History of Japan}}The
When Emperor
▲The Tokugawa shogunate unified Japan by 1603. With the arrival of the Dutch in [[Tauland]] in the 1630s, Japan began passing the Sakoku Ordinances, restricting free contact with foreign powers. In 1637, the Christian peasant-led Shimabara Rebellion was crushed, and the Dutch trading post of Desjima was established in 1641. The early 1650s saw the [[History of Japan#The Keian Affair and the J%C5%8D%C5%8D Massacre|Keian Affair, the Jōō Massacre]] and the arrival of [[Koxinga]] and Fukienese refugees from China after the Battle of Chiangtung Bridge led to the defeat of pro-Ming forces. These events brought about political instability and a rise in illegal commerce.
The Cioho Reforms, beginning in the early 18th century, was passed during a time of financial crises, corruption, and a disgruntled bourgeoisie. The Horequi Coup of 1750 destabilized the xogunate, leading to the fragmentation of the state. Emperor Momozono subsequently led the imperial Meiwa Restoration, gaining the support of multiple lords. ''De facto'', imperial authority was limited to Edo, Osaca, and Miaco. In the 1770s, the Loetsjoe kingdom, a vassal of the Ximazu family, was taken over by the Dutch East India Company (EIC), leading to the domain’s economic decline. The Russian-backed Lake Kusuri rebellion occurred on Ezo, destabilizing Japan’s northern border.
Sacai Tadamitxi, the ''Tairo'', began forming a coalition of families in response to the Tocugawa government and the failure of the Meiwa Restoration. They were diametrically opposed to the pro-Dutch Hosocawa faction. In 1795, the [[Augustine Wars]] sapped the EIC’s resources, allowing the Sacai to run through the country. In 1803, Emperor Go Comei was poisoned. By 1809, the Sacai firmly established their rule over most of Japan.
▲When Emperor Takakawa ascended to the throne in 1691, his reign was immediately marked with conflict and change. Tension between Corean and Japanese fishermen under the Tottori domain led to the Takeshima Dispute. The Dutch East India Company under Petrus Hoekstra intervened in the conflict and disciplined the Lord of Tottori, eventually leading to the Tokugawa government deposing the corrupt Lord under pressure from the Dutch and the Coreans. This marked the first instance of a European power directly intervening in Japanese affairs and directly led to the establishment of a Dutch factory, Poesjan, in Corea in 1710. Competing with the Dutch, the Russians began expanding their influence in northern Japan in the 1740s. They forged close relations with local aristocracy, most notably the Sakai clan, which would establish a shogunate decades later.
Under the pretence of assisting the Sacai, the Russians invaded the disobedient Odawara domain. In 1815, Russian forces seized the ports of Idzu, Maizuru, and Texio. In 1837, Russia declared support for the insurgent Ainu state in northern Ezo, instigating a minor conflict and confining Japanese rule to the Oxima peninsula. In the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, Japan began to modernize, with numerous political factions forming in response to domestic and world events. The Federalist Association was established in 1873 after the Russian Succession Crisis renewed security concerns in 1868. In 1896, the Sacura Revolution established a constitutional monarchy with Empress Sacuramatxi as the head of state.
== Government and Politics ==
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