Roses, Tulips, & Liberty

Japan: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Japan (view source)

Revision as of 07:53, 9 October 2022

419 bytes added ,  1 year ago
m
Updated to current romanisation: all /tx/s to /ch/s.
VisualWikitext
(reformatted Mallo's write up into the basis of the wiki article)
m (Updated to current romanisation: all /tx/s to /ch/s.)
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Empire of Japan|native_name=|image_flag=RTL Flag of Japan.png|capital=Osaca|image_map=Locator_Japan.png|map_width=275px|flag_width=200px|official_languages=Japanese|government_type=Constitutional monarchy}}
{{Nation
|common_name=Japan
|full_name=
|local_name=日本
|established=
|capital= Osaka
|largest_city=
|population=
|government_type=
|languages= {{unbulleted_list | Japanese (Official) }}
|currency=
|flag=Flag of Japan.png}}
 
'''Japan''' (Japanese: 日本, ''Nippon'' or ''Nihon)'' is an island country located in EasternNortheast Asia. It isshares bordereda on the westborder bywith the Sea[[Ainu ofMosir|Ainu Japan,National andRepublic]] extends fromon the Seaisland of Okhotsk[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido inEzo] theand northa towardmaritime theborder East China Sea and Taulandt in thewith south[[Tauland]].
==History==
{{Main|History of Japan}}The Tocugawa shogunate unified Japan by 1603. With the arrival of the Dutch in [[Tauland]] in the 1630s, Japan began passing the Sacocu Ordinances, restricting free contact with foreign powers. In 1637, the Christian peasant-led Ximabara Rebellion was crushed, and the Dutch trading post of Desjima was established in 1641. The early 1650s saw the [[History of Japan#The%20Keian%20Affair%20and%20the%20J%C5%8D%C5%8D%20Massacre|Ceian Affair, the Djōō Massacre]] and the arrival of [[Koxinga]] and Fukienese refugees from China, These events brought about political instability and a rise in illegal commerce. In 1655, the Lord of Ōmura executed a group of Christian peasants. This led to the [[History of Japan#%C5%8Cmura%20Rebellion%20(1656-1658)|Ōmura Rebellion]]. Around the same time, the failed Meirequi Putsch, the Great Fire of Edo, and other events triggered the Canbun Reforms of 1660.
 
When Emperor Tacacawa ascended to the throne in 1691, his reign was immediately marked with conflict and change. Tension between Corean and Japanese fishermen under the Tottori domain led to the Taquexima Dispute. The Dutch East India Company intervened in the conflict and disciplined the Lord of Tottori, leading to their deposition. This marked the first instance of a European power directly intervening in Japanese affairs. Competing with the Dutch, the Russians began expanding their influence in northern Japan in the 1740s, forging close relations with the Sacai family.
=== Early History ===
 
The Cioho Reforms, beginning in the early 18th century, was passed during a time of financial crises, corruption, and a disgruntled bourgeoisie. The Horequi Coup of 1750 destabilized the xogunate, leading to the fragmentation of the state. Emperor Momozono subsequently led the imperial Meiwa Restoration, gaining the support of multiple lords. ''De facto'', imperial authority was limited to Edo, Osaca, and Miaco. In the 1770s, the Loetsjoe kingdom, a vassal of the Ximazu family, was taken over by the Dutch East India Company (EIC), leading to the domain’s economic decline. The Russian-backed Lake Kusuri rebellion occurred on Ezo, destabilizing Japan’s northern border.
=== The Rangaku ===
In 1641 the Dutch took over the former Portuguese trading post at Nagasaki creating an artificial island in which to do business with the Japanese. Overtime western knowledge, technology and medicine diffused from these Dutch traders to Japanese merchants, elites and middle classes in a process known as the ''Rangaku''. This eventually leads to local Daimyos allowing a merchant class to develop in order to trade manufactured goods to the Dutch (and later other Europeans throughout Japanese ports).
 
Sacai Tadamichi, the ''Tairo'', began forming a coalition of families in response to the Tocugawa government and the failure of the Meiwa Restoration. They were diametrically opposed to the pro-Dutch Hosocawa faction. In 1795, the [[Augustine Wars]] sapped the EIC’s resources, allowing the Sacai to run through the country. In 1803, Emperor Go Comei was poisoned. By 1809, the Sacai firmly established their rule over most of Japan.
=== Russian Treaty Ports & Ezo ===
 
Under the pretence of assisting the Sacai, the Russians invaded the disobedient Odawara domain. In 1815, Russian forces seized the ports of Idzu, Maizuru, and Texio. In 1837, Russia declared support for the insurgent Ainu state in northern Ezo, instigating a minor conflict and confining Japanese rule to the Oxima peninsula. In the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, Japan began to modernize, with numerous political factions forming in response to domestic and world events. The Federalist Association was established in 1873 after the Russian Succession Crisis renewed security concerns in 1868. In 1896, the Sacura Revolution established a constitutional monarchy with Empress Sacuramachi as the head of state.
=== Late Shogun Era ===
By the 1870's there some industrialization started to occur in Japan with textile factories built by the new merchant class with the support of local Daimyos. Most of this development was homegrown with the merchant class adopting western technology, but with the Daimyos making sure that foreigners didn't gain direct control of industry outside of the treaty ports. However due to the lack of organization, increased urbanization and tension between various Daimyos new administrative and social problems started to plague Japan. During this time cracks in the outdated feudal political economy and throughout the social fabric of Japanese society started to become apparent. This would lead to the rise of the Federalist party, which sought to reform the central government to better fit the new changes brought upon by the late 19th century.
 
== Government and Politics ==
=== The Sakura Revolution and Japanese Reform Period ===
In March of 1896, the last Tokugawa Shogun died without a appointed heir, leading to a secession crisis that resulted in the mostly bloodless Sakura revolution a month later. This would eventually lead to the abolishment of the Shogunate and the establishment of the Japanese Confederation lead by the Federalist faction, who would quickly bring reform to the government. By this time the Samurai class had already lost what little Bureaucratic powers they still had to the merchant class, so their abolition alongside the few still existing feudal systems faced little overall resistance. The 1899 constitution would give the Emperor (who had supported the Sakura revolution) very little, and mostly ceremonial power; however the emperor would later become a symbolic unifying figure of Japanese culture and the Japanese nation. During the 1910s the ruling Federalist enacted further reforms to central governmental power out of a necessity to streamline national administration. This led to a period of increased intranational business transactions further growing local industries, allowed for widespread infrastructural improvements, as well as the creation of a standing Army and Navy modeled off of the Kingdom of Corea’s. While this period of reform was seen by many to be the creation of modern Japanese society but to some there were widespread failures of the reforms including a discrepancy in provincial development and the failure of the national government to break the power of an autocratic local elite class.
 
=== Russo-CoreanDemographics War ===
 
== Culture ==
 
== List of leaders ==
{{Main|List of rulers of Japan}}
 
== See also ==
{{Nations of the World}}
__FORCETOC__
__INDEX__
Tomartino
rtl-contributors
1,630

edits

Retrieved from "https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/2668...5574"