China: Difference between revisions
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The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Zhu Zhu family], the former royal house of the Ming dynasty, dispersed around China after the Qing's conquest of southern China. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhu_Youlang Yongli Emperor] established an emergency government in 1641 in response to the Qing conquests.
At the same time, numerous Jesuit missionaries converted much of the Ming court to Roman Catholicism. This included Empress Dowager [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Wang_(Southern_Ming) Helena Wang], Empress [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Wang_(Southern_Ming) Anne Wang], Empress [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Ma_(Southern_Ming) Maria Ma], and Eunuch [https://books.google.ie/books?id=5yUzntxTZioC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=Pang+Tianshou&source=bl&ots=4nrnB0wrD-&sig=ACfU3U3Y0wBRsCTk3AdCwND0seLO2-9HPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOt5nduJH2AhXxQEEAHdsuBCsQ6AF6BAgUEAM#v=snippet&q=Pang%20Tianshou&f=false Achilleus Pang]. In 1648, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%85%88%E7%85%8A Crown Prince Cihyun] was born and baptized with the Latin name Constantine. The Empress Dowager sent a letter to the Vatican in 1650 requesting assistance to repel the Qing, which was ignored. In 1656, Empress Anne - hearing of the [[Japan#Ōmura Rebellion (1656-1660)|Ōmura Rebellion]] - sent a plea to the Japanese Catholic rebels to help evacuate the imperial family and their entourage.
In 1662, the Emperor and the majority of the imperial family were killed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Sangui Wu Sang-kuei] in Yunnan, with the survivors being brought to Peking. However, Empress Maria and the Crown Prince were rescued by a contingent of pirates and loyalists before the massacre. They were brought to Macao via [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanning Namning] where they lived until 1665, and then resided in Manila for two months before returning to the Chinese mainland. The surviving family changed their last names to Ma (馬) and Wong (王) to escape suspicion and survived as commoners for the next century.
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