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Austria: Difference between revisions
Changed Austria to Republic and added Great War stuff
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{{Nation
|common_name=
|local_name=
|flag=RTL_Flag_Austria.png
|established= 1359 (as Habsburgs in Austria
'''1939 (Republic of Austria)''' |capital= Vienna (Wien)
|largest_city= Vienna (Wien)
|government_type= {{unbulleted_list |
|area=
|languages= {{unbulleted_list |
|currency=Austrian Thaler
|map=Locator_Austria.png}}
The '''Republic of Austria''' is a country located in Central Europe. Austria once controlled a multi-ethnic empire under the Habsburgs (as the '''Austrian Empire''') until they were defeated in the [[Great War]] in 1939.
== History ==
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=== The Crises During 20th Century: Alpine Wars And Rise Of Neostabilists (1900-1935) ===
[[File:RTL Claudia Maddalena.png|thumb|225x225px|Claudia Magdalena, last monarch of Austria]]Venice, annexing Marche and forming an allied Latium Republic in Latial Wars of 1908, would have been seen as a threat by the Austrians. Alpine Wars would erupt as Austria would try to prevent another Venetian aggression. They could not, however, be standing the unfavorable geographic conditions and British pressure to accept peace. This would push Austria in a new political debate and the political rise of both
The new chancellor, Emmerich Stefanov, would be going for nationalist reforms such as establishment of many German schools and possible Germanization of some border regions such as Transylvania and Banat. While they would be also going for economic and
▲Venice, annexing Marche and forming an allied Latium Republic in Latial Wars of 1908, would have been seen as a threat by the Austrians. Alpine Wars would erupt as Austria would try to prevent another Venetian aggression. They could not, however, be standing the unfavorable geographic conditions and British pressure to accept peace. This would push Austria in a new political debate and the political rise of both Faramundizm and Neostabilism. While this political debate was continuing for a few years, Neostabilists would be capturing the government in 1914 and be establishing themselves as their key allies to king.
While they have been going under a series of militarization efforts, they would redevelop their relations with Ottomans, who also underwent a similar process of modernization. This would push them into an alliance with France, who also grew resentment against British and Russian. In 1929, they would be establishing Tripartite Pact, which would be cordial to their cooperation.
=== Austria in the Great War ===
{{Main|Great War}}
The Austrian Empire was one of the three principal members of the [[Factions of the Great War#Tripartite Coalition|Tripartite Coalition]]. The [[Glossary of terms#Neostabilism|neostabilists]] of Austria saw [[Glossary of terms#Faramundism|Faramundism]], or the ideology of German unification, as a threat to Austrian hegemony in Central Europe. Austrian Chancellor Emmerich Stefanov began a campaign on suppressing Faramundism in and on the peripheries of the Austrian Empire. In the Kingdom of Saxony, Faramundism (and other ideologies deemed by the Austrians as radical) were freely allowed to flourish. This concerned the neostabilists of Austria. A British intelligence report in early 1935 reported a military presence building upon the Austrian-Saxon border. As such, the British were on high alert but wanted to avoid resorting to military intervention at all costs should an Austro-Saxon conflict happen.
==== Austrian occupation of Saxony (June 1935) ====
On June 7, 1935, Austrian troops mobilized and invaded the Kingdom of Saxony. Austrian ambassador to Britain, Friedrich Boehme, reported that it was not an act of war against the Kingdom of Saxony but a response to the Saxon monarchy's calls to quell the "state of anarchy" and restore order. The Saxon government was also reported to be in debt to the Austrian monarchy, which the Austrians used to justify their occupation. Austrian news reported the occupation as "welcomed" by the Saxon public. However, post-war analyses revealed this statement to be largely untrue. Britain, still unwilling to intervene directly, resorted to diplomatic means to resolve the issue, which resulted in Britain eventually recognizing the Austrian occupation on June 27, 1935.
Not long after, by the next week, on July 1, 1935, British intelligence once again reported a large buildup of the Austrian military, this time on the Pomeranian border. This shifted the attitude of Britain towards Austria. On July 5, Britain declared a guarantee of Pomeranian independence, warning Austria of a war should they invade Pomerania.
==== Austro-Ottoman Invasion of Poland (September 1936) ====
When the [[Great War]] erupted, Poland officially declared neutrality. Austria and the Ottomans tried to coerce the Polish state into siding with the Tripartite Coalition, to allow them access through Polish territory. However, Poland steadfastly refused. As a response, Austria started supplying the German insurrectionists in the north with weapons and auxiliary support. In the south, there have been reports of Ottoman troops crossing Polish borders. The Polish Sejm accused Austria of agitating for war, but this was denied by both Austria.
On the 18th and 20th of September 1936, two explosions damaged parts of the Krakau railway, killing two Austrian servicemen. Three people were arrested, identified by Austria as "Polish nationalists." Although Poland denied any involvement in the attacks, the Austrians maintained that these were "acts of subversion carried out by the Polish state." On 26 September 1936, the Austrian Empire declared war on Poland. This was followed with the Ottomans also declaring war on Poland on the same day. The Austrians overran the northern part of Poland and proceeded to invade the Baltic coast (part of the [[Russia|Russian National Republic)]].
==== ''Operation Vendémiaire:'' The failed Franco-Austrian invasion of the Netherlands and Rhineland (September 1937) ====
After several significant losses in Africa and North Germany, Camille Laframboise of France and Stefanov Emmerich of Austria engineered a military operation aimed to shock Great Britain and Russia and distract them from the other active fronts of the war. It also aimed to close what Camille Lafamboise saw as a gap between the Tripartite's Coalition's zone of control: the Rhine and the low countries. The plan was dubbed ''Operation Vendémiaire'' (lit. "Operation Grape Harvester" in Occitan). Operation ''Vendémiaire'' was launched on September 7, 1937, and began with attacks on the neutral Netherlands and Rhineland.
France had hoped that the Netherlands would easily capitulate, considering that they recently [[Russo-Corean War|came out of a war in East Asia]], while also expecting Rhineland to respond poorly to coordinated Austrian attacks on their eastern border. However, the plan did not do well as anticipated. The French were able to capture Antwerp by the end of September, but the Dutch were able to put up a significant resistance and prevented the French army from moving northward. Instrumental to the defense was Dutch admiral Louw Verduijn, who was vehemently anti-French and a close ally of the King of the Netherlands. By the end of the year, with British reinforcement, the Dutch were able to push back the advancing French and forced a retreat. In Rhineland, the Austrians were able to capture Erfurt and Goettingen, but were forced to retreat after being defeated by an Anglo-Rhenish force in the Battle of Alsfield.
==== Austrian Defeat (1939) ====
The failure of Operation ''Vendémiaire'' contributed to Austria's decision to surrender to the Cordial League. Despite the failures, Austrian Empress Claudia Maddalena relentlessly campaigned for Austria to continue the fight. She personally spoke in public radio to boost the morale of Austrian soldiers and subjects, and prodded Chancellor Emmerich Stefanov to secure victory. However, the Russian capture of Budapest and British capture of Munich pressured the chancellor to declare surrender in September 1938. Shortly after, the Congress of Amsterdam was held in the Netherlands, discussing the terms of peace for Austria and the Ottoman Empire, all the while still fighting France.[[File:TripartiteFate Austria.png|thumb|Partition of the Austrian Empire (193)]]In the resulting Congress of Amsterdam (1939), the Austrian Empire was broken up into several independent states.
* '''Russian zone of occupation'''
** [[Galicia]]: A National Republic established as a homeland for Jews.
** [[Slovakia]]: A National Republic for ethnic Slovaks.
** [[Hungary|Magyaria]]: A national republic for the Magyars (Hungarians). It was originally established as the National Republic of Hungary, but later renamed themselves ''Magyaria'' (land of the Magyars) in 1941.
* '''British zone of occupation'''
** [[Austria]]: The Austrian monarchy was abolished, and a liberal democracy was established in Austria.
** [[Bohemia]]: A constitutional monarchy.
{{Nations of the World}}
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