Amerikaens: Difference between revisions
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== Vocabulary == |
== Vocabulary == |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=15em| |
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# [[Personal pronoun|I]] (Pers.Pron.1.Sg.) |
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# [[Personal pronoun|you]] (2.sg! 1952 thou & ye) |
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# [[Personal pronoun|we]] (1955: [[Clusivity|inclusive]]) |
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# [[Demonstrative|this]] |
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# [[Demonstrative|that]] |
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# [[Interrogative word|who]]? (“?” not 1971) |
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# [[Interrogative word|what]]? (“?” not 1971) |
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# [[Affirmation and negation|not]] |
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# [[Indefinite pronoun|all]] (of a number) |
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# [[Indefinite pronoun|many]] |
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# [[one]] |
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# [[two]] |
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# [[Wiktionary:big|big]] |
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# [[length|long]] (not wide) |
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# [[Wiktionary:small|small]] |
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# [[woman]] |
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# [[man]] (adult male human) |
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# [[person]] (individual human) |
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# [[fish]] (noun) |
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# [[bird]] |
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# [[dog]] |
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# [[louse]] |
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# [[tree]] (not log) |
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# [[seed]] (noun) |
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# [[leaf]] (botanics) |
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# [[root]] (botanics) |
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# [[Bark (botany)|bark]] (of tree) |
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# [[skin]] (1952: person’s) |
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# [[flesh]] (1952 meat, flesh) |
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# [[blood]] |
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# [[bone]] |
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# [[Grease (lubricant)|grease]] (1952: fat, organic substance) |
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# [[egg]] |
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# [[horn (anatomy)|horn]] (of bull etc., not 1952)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[tail]] |
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# [[feather]] (large, not down) |
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# [[hair]] (on head of humans) |
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# [[head]] (anatomic) |
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# [[ear]] |
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# [[eye]] |
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# [[nose]] |
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# [[mouth]] |
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# [[tooth]] (front, rather than molar) |
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# [[tongue]] (anatomical) |
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# [[claw]] (not in 1952)<sup>†</sup>{{ref|1|1}} |
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# [[foot]] (not leg) |
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# [[knee]] (not 1952)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[hand]] |
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# [[Abdomen|belly]] (lower part of body, abdomen) |
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# [[neck]] (not nape) |
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# [[breast]]s (female; 1955 still breast)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[heart]] |
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# [[liver]] |
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# [[Drinking|drink]] (verb) |
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# [[Eating|eat]] (verb) |
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# [[Biting|bite]] (verb) |
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# [[Visual perception|see]] (verb) |
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# [[Hearing|hear]] (verb) |
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# [[knowledge|know]] (facts) |
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# [[sleep]] (verb) |
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# [[death|die]] (verb) |
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# [[Wiktionary:kill|kill]] (verb) |
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# [[Swimming|swim]] (verb) |
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# [[flight|fly]] (verb) |
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# [[walk]] (verb) |
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# [[Wiktionary:come|come]] (verb) |
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# [[Lying (position)|lie]] (on side, recline) |
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# [[Sitting|sit]] (verb) |
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# [[standing|stand]] (verb) |
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# [[Wiktionary:give|give]] (verb) |
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# [[speech|say]] (verb)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[sun]] |
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# [[moon]] (not 1952)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[star]] |
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# [[water]] (noun) |
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# [[rain]] (noun, 1952 verb) |
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# [[stone]] |
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# [[sand]] |
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# [[soil|earth]] (soil) |
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# [[cloud]] (not fog) |
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# [[smoke]] (noun, of fire) |
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# [[fire]] |
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# [[ash]](es) |
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# [[Combustion|burn]] (verb intr.!) |
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# [[trail|path]] (1952 road, trail; not street) |
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# [[mountain]] (not hill) |
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# [[red]] (color) |
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# [[green]] (color) |
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# [[yellow]] (color) |
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# [[white]] (color) |
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# [[black]] (color) |
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# [[night]] |
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# [[Temperature|hot]] (adjective; 1952 warm, of weather) |
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# [[Temperature|cold]] (of weather) |
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# [[Wiktionary:full|full]]<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[Wiktionary:new|new]] |
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# [[Wiktionary:good|good]] |
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# [[Wiktionary:round|round]] (not 1952)<sup>†</sup> |
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# [[wikt:dryness|dry]] (substance) |
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# [[name]] |
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}} |
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Revision as of 05:28, 16 February 2021
Amerikaens; also known as Amerikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in New Netherlands, Tussenland, the Amerikaanse Free State, South Tussenland and, to a lesser extent, Mexico and Opdamsland. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the Dutch settlers in North America, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century. Hence, it is a daughter language of Dutch, and the youngest of the Germanic languages as well as one of the youngest languages in general.
History
Orthography
Major changes from Hollandic Dutch:
ei -> ey (eenheid -> eenheyd)
k -> ck (boek -> boeck), only when occurring at the end of the syllable
aa -> ae (Amerikaans -> Amerikaens)
ui -> uy (fruit -> fruyt)
ij -> ÿ (vrijheid -> vrÿheyd)
d -> dt (stad -> stadt), only when at end of syllable
In many cases older orthography and spelling is preserved from early modern Dutch.
