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{{Infobox royalty|name=Tedjo of Sjakwang|birth_place=County of Damjang, [[Corea]]|father=[[Ki Tsjangdjin]]|date of burial=21 January 1921|burial_place=Damjang, County of Damjang|religion=Neo-Confucianism|house=[[House of Ki|Ki]]|birth_name=Ki Ripbam </br> 기립범 (奇砬犯)|death_place=Jasoe, [[Corea]]|death_date=17 January 1921|birth_date=6 April 1849|image=Tedjo'd.png|issue-pipe=(details)|issue-link=#Family|issue={{hlist | [[Hjodjo]]}}|spouse={{hlist | }}|successor=[[Hjodjo]]|predecessor=[[Hjodjong]]|coronation={{nowrap|24 June 1883}}|reign={{nowrap|23 June 1883 – 17 January 1921}}|succession={{hlist |[[Corea#List_of_leaders|King of Corea]]}}|image_size=300px|posthumous name=매무극산교모윤수고황제 (魅武克山狡謀允首고황제)|temple name=Tedjo (태조)}}
'''Tedjo of Sjakwang''' (1849-1921), formally known as '''Emperor Tedjo''' (Hankoel: 태조제''
== Biography ==
==== Early life ====
He was born as Ki Ripbam
In 1858 following the collapse of the Qing dynasty, the family moved to their ancestral hometown of Hengdjoe on the outskirts of the Corean capital, Hansjang. Ripbam was tutored by Confucian scholars throughout his childhood. The young boy would observe his father during debates with Neo-Confucian and Christian scholars. He briefly attended a Catholic boys' academy during his teenage years. In his servant's journals, it is noted that the young Ripbam enjoyed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssireum Corean wrestling], French pastries, and newspapers. He worked as a scribe at the Chinese embassy for many months and was reportedly in love with the daughter of a Hokkien merchant.
When his mother died in 1867, he secluded himself near [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seonamsa Sanam Temple] for fifteen months. He then toured Corea until 1869, learning swordsmanship in Sangdju, studying theology in Pjangjang, and hiking [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallasan Mount Hallasan]. Ripbam was then employed at the Royal Inspectorate-General, where he came into contact with anti-government forces. When his father fell ill in 1871, Ripbam befriended his physician, Simon de Spaans, from [[Tauland]]. At the age of 23, he was married to Pak Mjanghwa
While visiting new hotels and cafés, Ripbam began periodically writing novellas and socio-political commentary. He adopted the pen name ''Oeimoedjak''
By 1875, his marriage to Lady Mjanghwa began to deteriorate. She began to spend months on end visting family in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongnam Jangnam region]. In order to have an excuse to visit her, he volunteered to become an officer and subdue civil unrest near Poesjan. On his arrival, she refused to return to Hansjang. While heartbroken, Ripbam's military gallantry had earned him great respect.
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His ''curriculum vitae'' earned him the position of Military District Governor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaesong Kesang County] in 1876. From here, Ripbam - publicly known as Lord-Governor Ki - periodically coordinated with anti-government forces and was known for hosting regional rebel conferences. His father's position in Confucian circles and his family's influence in the capital shielded him from any thorough investigations. With the help of his late mother's Andong Kwan clan, he orchestrated plans to transport persecuted persons to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongdong_(region) Jangdong], and then on to Russia.
In 1881, the Mayor of Iksan began forcibly shutting down schools and selectively enslaving pro-Silhak peasants who failed to meet the tax deadline. Ripbam's father, Lord Ki Tsjangdjin, gathered 83 scholars from all over the country in front of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongbokgung Kjangbak Palace] to implore the King to end persecutions, abolish slavery, and reannex Poesjan from the Dutch. To support his father, Ripbam dispatched a contingent of 225 soldiers to the capital. This resulted in the [https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%95%94%EB%8F%99_(%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8)#%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC Oeitongbang] Incident
The entire [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province Kjanggi] region remained insufferably suspenseful for the next two years until the 1883 Gyemi Coup. The Coup began in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insa-dong Insa Locale], where the rebels assassinated four Tsjosan officials within an hour. Ripbam arrived in Hansjang the day after the Coup began with 500 soldiers, fighting government forces. Soon, a Dutch Reformed church in [https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%82%B0%EA%B5%AC Jongsan District] was set ablaze, leading to an extremely destructive conflagration. Eventually, on the 17th of June - twelve days since the Coup began and with over 1,000 casualties - Ripbam's forces imprisoned the King and executed the Left and Chief State Councillors.
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A week later, Ripbam was a leading candidate for the new King. He was challenged by candidates from the Andong Kim, Soenhoeng Ahn, and other clans. Using his connections, he hired mercenaries from [[Tauland]] and allied with several key families in return for discreet favours. Ripbam's Ki clan and their allies commit acts of violence across the nation, at one time even executing the wife and children of an ultraconservative governor. Nakatomi Hidehasa, a Japanese accountant and translator in Corea at the time, described the Ki clan's atrocities as 'tragedy framed by justice' and 'the novel [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeonsangun_of_Joseon Jansangun] dreamed of writing'.
==== Governance ====
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Living in Pjangjang, an industrializing city polluted with coal smoke, lung diseases were common. The King's habitual long-term use of cigars and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuja_plicata#Chemistry toxic red cedar oil] also contributed to his ill health. It was also confirmed that the King was suffering from liver disease due to consumption of strong alcohols and unsafe herbal treatments.
In 1919, it was confirmed that he was suffering from bronchitis. It lasted for several months and disappeared by the end of the year. In 1920, it reappeared during a state visit to Canton, causing him to collapse and lose consciousness for several hours. Returning to Corea, he spent a few weeks in the coastal town of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeosu Jasoe]. It became apparent his bronchitis was chronic. In January of 1921, he contracted pneumonia. Consequentially, he spent the last days of his life bedridden on the seafront struggling to breathe. The government in Pjangjang was notified of his poor condition and preparations for the coronation of Crown Prince Ki Oeng
On January 17, the King experienced cirrhosis of the liver, causing a major flare in his pneumonia. He spoke only few words the whole day, merely watching boats pass by and reading his own publications. At around 21:00, his nurse noted that 'his lips turned as blue as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain#Joseon celadon] and his face the hue of sunset'. Half an hour later, he muttered in a raspy voice: "Will my mother be vexed at me? I never got baptized as she wanted...". The King's official time of death was recorded as 21:46.
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* Father: [https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%95%EC%A7%84 Ki Tsjandjin] (1798-1881)
* Mother:
* Wife: Pak Mjanghwa (m. 1872-1883), posthumously honored as Empress
** Crown Prince Ki Oeng, the future King Hjodjo (1875-1941)
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** Noble Consort Hobin of the Andong Kim clan (1849-1902)
*** Princess Mjang (1902-1987)
** Noble Consort Goei-in of the
*** Prince Ki Yoe (1886-1955)
== Titles and honours ==
== Legacy ==▼
====
King Tedjo of Sjakwang is depicted in the 1993 series ''Fox of Tsjosan''
* [[Corea]]
▲== Trivia ==
* [[House of Ki]]
▲== Legacy ==
▲King Tedjo of Sjakwang is depicted in the 1993 series ''Fox of Tsjosan'' [조선의 여우]. He is also a playable character in the New Netherlandish video game ''[[Kronne van Öst-Indië]]'', released in 2007.
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