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{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Tauland|native_name=Republiek van Taulandt|capital=[[New Hague]]|largest_city=[[Zeelandia]]|official_languages=Tauland Dutch|languages_type=Lingua franca|languages=[[Tauaans]]|image_map=Taulandt Physical Map.png|image_flag=Flag_of_Taulandt.jpeg|map_width=300px|flag_width=200px|common_languages=Hokkien </br> [[Corean]] </br> Loetsjaans </br> Others|established=1624|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
{{Nation
| {{nowrap|67% Taulanders}}
|common_name=Taulandt
| 19% Chinese
|full_name=Republiek van Taulandt
| 4% Ljoetsjoeans
|local_name=Taulandt
| 10% others
|flag=Flag_of_Taulandt.jpeg
}}}}
|established=1624
|motto=Simul ad future
|capital= New Hague
|largest_city= New Hague (metropolis) </br> Zeelandia (urban)
|government_type= Republic
|area= ≈41,000 km
|languages= Tauland Dutch </br> Tauaans </br> Banlam </br> Others
|currency= Taulandse daalder (TLD)
|map=Tauland 1895 .jpg}}
 
'''Tauland''' (Dutch: ''Taulandt'', Chinese: ''桃國''), officially the '''Republic of Tauland''' and formerly '''Formosa''', is a country in East Asia. Neighboring countries include [[Wahhah Republic|China]] to the northwest, [[Japan]] to the northeast, and the [[Philippines]] to the south. New Hague is the capital, and haswith the largestsouthwestern metropolitanZeelandia area inbeing the country.largest Othercity majoron citiesthe includeisland. Zeelandia, Hollandia, Hoodstadt, Schuylerstadt, and Kustadt.
 
Austronesians settled the island of Formosa around 6,000 years ago. Tauland was first mentioned by Chinese scholars during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms Three Kingdoms era]. Chinese people began settling in Tauland in the 16th century. In the 17th century, the Dutch colonized the island. Three hundred years later, the islands gained independence as the sovereign nation of Tauland.
 
== Etymology ==
The name Tauland consists of two parts: ''tau'' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraya_language Siraja]: ''tayw'') and ''land'' (Dutch: ''landt''). It was formerly called Dutch Formosa during its early colonial years, coming from the Portuguese name for the island - ''Ilha Formosa,'' or 'beautiful island'. It is unknown when the name was first used to refer to the island. The earliest mention the name Tauland was in 1739, when it was mentioned colloquially in a colonial document. However, it was not until the 19th century that 'Tauland' become a common name for the nation. The name was officially adopted in the Treaty of Batavia in 1891. Several renderings of the name Tauland exist in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min Banlam] (''thokok''), [[Corean]] (도란, ''toran),'' Japanese (''Tōgoku)'', and other languages. Dating from at least 1635, the Chinese name Tayowan (臺灣) is used colloquially by Chinese speakers.
 
Dating from at least 1635, the Chinese name Tayowan (臺灣) is used colloquially by Chinese speakers. The nation may also be referred to poetically as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval) Ljoetsjoe] (琉求), though in modern times the name almost exclusively refers to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands Ljoetsjoe Archipelago] within Tauland.
 
== Geography ==
The main island, known historically as Formosa or Tayowan, makes up 96% of the area controlled by Tauland, measuring 35,808 square kilometers and lying some 180 kilometers across the Tauland Strait from the southeastern coast of mainland China. Smaller islands include the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu Pescadores], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands Ljoetsjoe Archipelago], and the territory of the Paracel Islands.
 
The main island is a tilted fault block, characterized by the contrast between the eastern two-thirds, consisting mostly of five rugged mountain ranges parallel to the east coast, and the flat to gently rolling plains of the western third, where the majority of Tauland's population reside.
 
The eastern mountains, known simply as the Tauland Bergen, are heavily forested and home to a diverse range of wildlife. There are several peaks over 3,500 m, the highest being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Shan Mount Jade] at 3,952 m. The tectonic boundary that formed these ranges is still active, and the island experiences many earthquakes, a few of them highly destructive. There are also many active submarine volcanoes in the Tauland Strait.
 
=== Climate ===
Tauland lies on the Tropic of Cancer, and its general climate is marine tropical. The northern and central regions are subtropical, whereas the south is tropical and the mountainous regions are temperate. The average rainfall is 100 inches per year for the island proper; the rainy season is concurrent with the onset of the summer monsoon in May and June. The entire island experiences hot, humid weather from June through September. Typhoons are most common in July, August and September. During the winter, the northeast experiences steady rain, while the central and southern parts of the island have sunshine.
== History ==
{{Main|History of Taulandt}}
== Government and Politics ==
Tauland is a unitary constitutional republic, a decentralised unitary state with elements from a parliamentary representative democracy. Tauland's current system, ofhaving governmentevolved hasfrom beenthe described as thecolonial evolutionadministration of the colonialDutch Staten-GeneraalEast withIndia aCompany strongand centralizedthe dominion government.
 
==== LegislatureExecutive ====
Tauland's head of state and government is called the Raadspensionaris, elected by popular vote.
The country has a bicameral legislature known as the Staten der Formosa or the Staten der Tauland;
 
==== Legislature ====
* The lower house known as the House of Citizens (Huis van de Burghers) which is directly elected per popular vote,
*The andcountry has a bicameral legislature known as the States-General (Dutch: ''Staten der Tauland''). It consists of a lower house called the House of Citizens (Huis van de Burghers), which is directly elected by popular vote. The upper house, the House of Lords (''Huis der Heeren''), whichhas its aremembers appointed by provincial estates.
 
=== Executive ===
Tauland's executive branch is called the Raadspensionaris, which is elected by popular vote.
 
=== Administrative divisions ===
Tauland is divided into 9 administrative regions including one overseas region and one overseas territory: Haagland, Heuveland, Schuylerland, Tusschenland, Nieuw Zeeland, Oosvanberg, Bergen, the Loetsjoe Islands, and the territory of the Paracels.
 
==== Administrative divisions ====
Tauland is divided into nine first-level administrative divisions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="2" |Cities
! rowspan="2" |Creation
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Map
|-
!Capital
!Largest
|-
|Haagland
|HL
|
|
|
| rowspan="7" |Province
|
|-
|Heuveland
|HV
|
|
|
|
|-
|Schuylerland
|SY
|
|
|
|
|-
|Tusschenland
|TC
|
|
|
|
|-
|New Zeeland
|NZ
|
|
|
|
|-
|Oosvanberg
|OB
|
|
|
|
|-
|Bergen
|BR
|
|
|
|
|-
|Loetsjoe
|LT
|
|
|
|Overseas region
|
|-
|Saisoe
|SS
|
|
|
|Overseas territory
|
|}
== Economy ==
 
== Demographics ==
 
=== Ethnicity and race ===
Tauland is a multiethnic society.
 
===== Taulanders =====
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscegenation Miscegenation] (Inter marriage) is commonplace and has resulted in the formation of an ethnic group known simply as the Taulanders, who make up around two-thirds of the total national population. Most have Han Chinese, Dutch, and Aboriginal ancestries. Taulanders are usually trilingual in Dutch, Tauaans, and a third non-Germanic language. They are mainly Protestant Christians but also practice Buddhism and Daoism.
 
===== Chinese =====
Chinese Taulanders are descendants of immigrants from mainland China from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most are from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnan_region Banlam] region and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liangguang Leunggwong] region and thus speak Banlam or Cantonese along with the two official languages. Most have syncretic practices combining Buddhism, Christianity, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions Chinese salvationist religions]. They make up one-fifth of the population.
 
===== Aboriginals =====
Taulander aboriginals make up around 2.5-5% of the country and are descendants of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#History_of_research Malayo-Polynesians]. They often speak a Formosan language such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atayal_language Tayal], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiwan_language Paywan], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amis_language Pangtsja]. Since the 18th century, aboriginals have been staunchly Christian, specifically adhering to the Calvinist tradition. Animism is also common amongst rural aboriginal communities. A few aboriginals have Ljoetsjoean ancestry from 19th century intermarriages.
 
===== Coreans =====
[[Corea|Coreans]] have been living in Tauland since the 17th century, specifically since the Battle of Chiangtung Bridge in 1652 when several soldiers settled around Hollandia. As a separate community they make up around 3%, while 10% of Taulanders have some kind of Corean ancestry. Corean spoken on Tauland is heavily influenced by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolla_dialect Tsjalla dialect] and the Chinese languages. Most Taulander Coreans practice Catholicism or Protestantism, while a fraction are Buddhist.
 
===== Ljoetsjoeans =====
Ljoetsjoeans make up 4-5% of the country and mostly live in the Ljoetsjoean Archipelago. They usually speak one of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages Ljoetsjoean dialects] and Tauaans. Buddhism is the majority religion and is syncretised with indigenous shamanism.
 
===== Maynillamannen =====
A small minority from the Philippines exists along the southern shore and in urban areas, most of them descendants of late-19th century emigrants due to the Philippine Revolution. Maynillamen - as they are called - speak Tauaans and Dutch usually along with Spanish, Ilocano, Tagalog, or Pangasinan. Roman Catholicism is their dominant religion while a few adhere to the Protestant churches.
 
== Culture ==
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