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{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Tauland|native_name=<small> ''Republiek van Taulandt''|capital=[[New Hague]]|largest_city=[[Zeelandia]]|official_languages=[[Dutch language|Dutch]]|languages_type=Lingua franca|languages=[[Tauaans]]|image_map=Taulandt Physical Map.png|image_flag=Flag_of_Taulandt.jpeg|map_width=300px|flag_width=200px|common_languages=Chinese varieties <br> Loetsjaans [[Corean language|Corean]] <br> Various others|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
{{Nation
| {{nowrap|65% Taulanders}}
|common_name=Taulandt
| 21% Chinese
|full_name=Republiek van Taulandt
| 4% Ljoetsjoeans
|local_name=Taulandt
| 10% others
|flag=Flag_of_Taulandt.jpeg
}}|demonym=Taulander|established_event1=Establishment of the Dutch Formosa Colony|established_date1=1624|established_event2=Elevation to Dominion|established_date2=1816|established_event3=Independence from the Netherlands|established_date3=1891}}
|established=1624
|motto=Simul ad future
|capital= Nieuwe Haag
|largest_city= {{unbulleted_list | Nieuwe Haag | Zeelandia}}
|population= 25 Million
|government_type= Republic
|area= 40.846.86 km2
|languages= {{unbulleted_list | Tauland Standard Dutch (Official) | Tauland Colloquial Dutch (Tauaans) |
Hokkien Chinese}}
|currency= {{unbulleted_list | Taulandse Guilder (TG), current | Taulandse Daalder (TLD), until 2003}}
|gdp=1.7 Trillion}}
 
'''Tauland''' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Taulandt'', Chinese:or ''桃國, tau-kuo,Tauland'', [[CoreanStandard Chinese|Chinese]]: 도란 ''toran桃國,'' Japanese: ''TōgokuTáwgwó''), officially the '''DeRepublic Republiekof van TaulandtTauland''' and formerly '''Formosa''', is a country in Easteastern Asia. NeighboringIt countriesshares includemaritime borders with [[WahhahJapan]] Republic|to the northeast, [[China]] to the northwestwest, [[JapanViet Nam]] to the northeastsouthwest, and the [[Philippines|the Philippines]] to the south. The NieuweRepublic Haagconsists isof theover capital250 asislands wellstretching asover the2,000 largest metropolitan area of Tauland{{abbr|mi.|Milliaria}} Otherfrom majoreast citiesto include Zeelandia, Hoodstadt, Schuylerstadt, and Kustadtwest. WithNew 25.57Hague millionin inhabitants,the Taulandnorth is among the mostcountry's denselycapital, populated countries inwhile the world.southwestern Itmetropolis hasof aZeelandia highlyis developedthe economymost andpopulous industrialurban capacityarea. and is seen as an oddball in the east.
 
In the early 17th century, Dutch attempts to colonize the island of Formosa were successful, creating a rapidly-expanding colony that would last for almost two centuries. In 1816, the Formosa Colony became the Dominion of Tauland following the tumultuous [[Augustine Wars|Augustine period]]. Eventually, in 1891, Tauland gained complete sovereignty from the Netherlands, becoming the first Asiatic ex-colony to achieve independence.
Austronesian-speaking Formosan indigenous peoples settled the island of Formosa around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, partial Dutch colonization opened the island to mass Han Chinese immigration. However with the Dutch staying the island grew in its population as Dutch settlers were brought in and many more women from Japan, Korea, and China were brought in. Over the centuries the island became rich due to its ideal position to allow trade with china that was becoming increasingly insular, this wealth allowed it to industrialize rather quickly and has allowed it to become an advanced economy, something that was called the Tauland Miracle.
== Etymology ==
The name Tauland consists of two parts: ''tayw'' ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraya_language Siraya]: ''people'') and ''landt'' (Dutch: ''land''). It was formerly called Dutch Formosa during its early colonial years, coming from the Portuguese name for the island - ''Ilha Formosa,'' or 'beautiful island'.
 
== Terminology ==
It is unknown when the name ''Taulandt'' was first used to refer to the island. The earliest mention the name Tauland (and the language Tauaans) was in an official document by the local colonial administrative office about the island's status in 1739. However, it was not until the 1800s (when the colonists started to begin forming their own identity) that the name ''Taulandt'' became a common nickname for the island. The nation's name was officially confirmed in the ''Treaty of Batavia (1891)'', which had established the independence of the nation.
The name Tauland, emerging in 1739, comes from the now-extinct indigenous Formosan language Siraja. ''Ta'u'', as recorded in the 17th century, means 'human' or 'man'. This was then added to the Dutch suffix ''-land'' to create the name Tauland, literally meaning 'place of the humans'. In Chinese characters, the ''Tau-'' is often rendered with the character 桃 ('peach blossom'). Thus, the name of the country has often been mistakenly said to mean the 'land of the peach blossoms'. Another common misconception, particularly among Europeans, is that ''Tau-'' comes from the Cross of Tau, a Christian symbol resembling the Greek letter 𝜏 (Greek: ταυ, ''tau'').
 
Older names still used include ''Taywan'' (臺灣), which was recorded as the Chinese name for the island since at least 1635. ''Formosa'', literally 'beautiful' in Latin and first applied by Portuguese and Spanish sailors, is still used to refer to the island in certain languages and in poetic or literary contexts.
 
== Geography ==
Tauland is an island country in East Asia. The main island, known historicallyvariously as Formosa, makesTaywan, up 96% of the area controlled byor Tauland, measuring 35proper,808 squaremakes kilometersup (13,826approximately sq mi) and lying some 180 kilometers (112 mi) across the Tauland Strait from the southeastern coast96% of mainland China. The East China Sea lies to its north, the PhilippineRepublic's Sealand to its eastarea, themeasuring Luzonaround Strait3.58 directlymillion to its south, and the South China Sea to its southwesthectares. Smaller islands include athe numberPescadores in the Tauland Strait includingwest, the PenghuLoetsjoe archipelago, Ryukyuof islandsthe chainnortheast, the Kinmen and Matsu Islands near the Chinesesouthernmost coast, and someterritory of the SouthParacel ChinaIslands. Sea Islands.
 
The country mostly lays on and near the Tropic of Cancer, giving it a largely marine, humid subtropical climate with small tropical pockets in the very south. The highest parts of the country, along the Tauland Range (Dutch: ''Taulandt Bergen''; Chinese: 大山, ''Tàa Sāan'', lit. 'Big Mountains'), the primary mountain range of the country, have a colder polar climate. Running across the entire body of Tauland proper, the Range's most recognizable features include Mount Jade as well as its diverse flora & fauna.
The main island is a tilted fault block, characterized by the contrast between the eastern two-thirds, consisting mostly of five rugged mountain ranges parallel to the east coast, and the flat to gently rolling plains of the western third, where the majority of Tauland's population reside. There are several peaks over 3,500 m, the highest being Yu Shan at 3,952 m (12,966 ft), making Tauland the world's fourth-highest island. The tectonic boundary that formed these ranges is still active, and the island experiences many earthquakes, a few of them highly destructive. There are also many active submarine volcanoes in the Tauland Straits.
 
The eastern mountains are heavily forested and home to a diverse range of wildlife, while land use in the western and northern lowlands is highly regulated and made use of as much as is economically possible.
 
=== Climate ===
Tauland lies on the Tropic of Cancer, and its general climate is marine tropical. The northern and central regions are subtropical, whereas the south is tropical and the mountainous regions are temperate. The average rainfall is 2,600 millimeters (100 inches) per year for the island proper; the rainy season is concurrent with the onset of the summer East Asian Monsoon in May and June. The entire island experiences hot, humid weather from June through September. Typhoons are most common in July, August and September. During the winter (November to March), the northeast experiences steady rain, while the central and southern parts of the island are mostly sunny.
== History ==
{{Main|History of TaulandtTauland}}
== Government and Politics ==
 
Tauland is a constitutional republic, a decentralised unitary state with elements from a parliamentary representative democracy. The legislature is formed of two bodies; the lower house known as the '''Huis van de Burghers'''<u>,</u> directly elected per popular vote. and the upper house or '''Huis der Heeren''', which are appointed by provincial estates. These two bodies together form the '''Staten der Formosa'''. Tauland's executive branch is called the Raadspensionaris, which is elected by popular vote. The judiciary possesses the ability to keep the State in line with the country's constitution. Tauland's current system of government has been described as the evolution of the old Staten-Generaal with a strong centralized government.
 
=== Administrative divisions ===
Tauland is divided into 9 administrative regions including one overseas region and one overseas territory: Haagland, Heuveland, Schuylerland, Tusschenland, Nieuw Zeeland, Oosvanberg, Bergen, the Paracel islands and the Loetsjoe islands (overseas territory).
 
== EconomyGovernment and Politics ==
{{Infobox government|government_name=Government of Tauland|nativename=<small>''Regering van Tauland''|government_form=Constitutional republic|date=1891|legislature=States-General|leader_title=Raadspensionaris|headquarters=[[New Hague]]}}
The economy of Tauland is a highly developed mixed economy dominated by family-owned conglomerates called Huizen. It is the 4th largest GDP in Asia and the 10th largest in the world. Tauland is known for its slow rise but then a rapid rise in the 20th century as it turned its island and centuries of development and nation-building into effect creating one of the most highly developed and advancing economies in the world. This rapid economic growth is not seen as a miracle but rather the effect of centuries of state-building and wise investments combined with the nation's favorable geography, combined with its cultural position of being the place where east meets west. Tauland still remains one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the world following the Great Recession. It is included in the group of Next Eleven countries as having the potential to play a dominant role in the global economy by the middle of the 21st century.
Tauland is a unitary, parliamentary constitutional republic. Its government evolved from the 17th century colonial administration of the Dutch East India Company, morphing into a semi-independent constitutional monarchy under the Netherlands in the 19th century. In 1891, Tauland achieved its final governmental form as a sovereign parliamentarian democracy modeled on the revolutionary [[Amerikaener|Amerikaener republics]].
 
Tauland's rigorous education system and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. Having almost no natural resources and a high population density in its territory, which deterred continued population growth and the formation of a large internal consumer market, Tauland adapted an export-oriented economic strategy to fuel its economy, and in 2014, Tauland was the seventh-largest exporter and seventh-largest importer in the world. Bank of Taulandt and Taulandt Development Institute periodically release major economic indicators and economic trends of the economy of Tauland.
 
'''Executive'''
Renowned financial organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund, have complimented the resilience of the Tauland economy against various economic crises, citing low state debt, and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address any expected financial emergencies. Other financial organizations like the World Bank describe Tauland as one of the fastest-growing major economies of the next generation along with Indonesia. Tauland was one of the few developed countries that were able to avoid a recession during the global financial crisis, and its economic growth rate reached 6.2% in 2010, a sharp recovery from economic growth rates of 2.3% in 2008 and 0.2% in 2009 when the global financial crisis hit. The Tauland economy again recovered with the record-surplus of G$70.7 billion mark of the current account at the end of 2013, up 47 percent growth from 2012, amid uncertainties of the global economic turmoil, with major economic output being the technology products exports.
 
Tauland's head of state and government is called the Raadspensionaris, elected by popular vote. Unlike many other heads of governments in the “Staten generaal system” the Readpensionaris of Tauland has quite a bit of executive power. He dictates, together with the council of foreign affairs the foreign affairs of Tauland, as well as being the commander in chief of the Tauland Defense Force.
== Culture & People ==
{{Main|Taulandt culture & People}}
 
'''Legislature'''
=== Language ===
 
The country has a bicameral legislature known as the States-General (Dutch: Staten der Tauland). It consists of a lower house called the House of Citizens (Huis van de Burghers), which is directly elected by the popular vote. The upper house, the House of Lords (Huis der Heeren), has its members appointed by provincial estates.
==== '''Tauland's Dutch dialects''' ====
A group of Dutch variants spoken in Tauland, composed of:
 
==== Administrative divisions ====
    1.) '''Tauland Standard Dutch (TSD)''': Closest to Hollandic Dutch, but has some features distinct to Tauland; most notably unique vocabulary and a distinct phonology. There is no significant grammatical difference between Tauland Standard Dutch and Hollandic Dutch with TSD being considered little more than a dialect of Hollandic. It is the language most commonly used in school and government and is considered the lingua franca of the nation.
Tauland is divided into nine first-level administrative divisions.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="2" |Cities
! rowspan="2" |Creation
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Map
|-
!Capital
!Largest
|-
|Haagland
|HL
| colspan="2" |New Hague
|
| rowspan="7" |Province
| rowspan="9" |
|-
|Heuveland
|HV
|Heuvelstad
|Hollandia
|
|-
|Schuylerland
|SY
|Schuylerstad
|Oosthaven
|
|-
|Tusschenland
|TC
|Toekoe
|Tenghoe
|
|-
|New Zeeland
|NZ
| colspan="2" |Zeelandia
|
|-
|Oostvanberg
|OB
|Zuiderzee
|Lonckjouw
|
|-
|Bergen
|BR
| colspan="2" |New Arnhem
|
|-
|Loetsjoe
|LT
| colspan="2" |Nafa
|
|Overseas region
|-
|Pracel
|PC
| colspan="2" |Rotzele
|
|Overseas territory
|}
 
==== Governmental institutions ====
    2.) '''Tauland Colloquial Dutch (TCD)''': More commonly known as "'''Tauaans'''" is an informal and unstandardized Dutch-based creole, infusing influences from Cantonese, Hokkien, Corean & Japanese. It is mostly spoken in urban areas, and particularly the strongest within the lesser educated groups, the youth and those descendent from recent immigrants. Tauaans is notable for it's simplification of Dutch grammar, fast-direct way of speaking and use of slang.
 
===== '''ChineseTauland dialects'''Defense Force =====
The Tauland Defence force (TDF) is the military organization responsible for the defence of the Republic of Tauland and its national interests. It consists of the Tauland air force, Taulandse vloot and de Landmacht. It has an active strength of 120,000 with a suspected reserve consisting of 800,000 and is supported by the department of defence and several other civilian agencies.
 
During Tauland her first decades of independence it realized quickly that it needed a combined and integrated armed service. This led to the creation of the joint board in 1904 which was dominated by the Navy, due to Tauland her reliance on foreign trade. Over time with the introduction of the air force, and the advent of new technologies the navy her dominance became less. It was only n 1939 that the joint staff was created, creating an equal integrated command structure.
==== Rjoekjoe languages ====
 
The TDF is technologically sophisticated but relatively small, compared to its neighbours. Although the 120,000 full-time active-duty personnel look impressive. Compared to its neighbours Tauland her military is small, to offset this it focuses on quality. This has created a situation where even the conscripts are better trained than most full-time soldiers in the region. The TDF is supported by a significant budget by worldwide standards and can deploy forces around the regions and support independent operations.
==== Others ====
 
== DemographicsCulture ==
{{Main|Culture of Tauland}}Tauland's society is primarily built upon the Hokkien, Dutch, Loetsjaan, and Formosan cultures with influences from surrounding peoples such as the Hakka, Cantonese, and Giangnam peoples of China, the Ilocano and Tagalog of the Philippines, as well as the Coreans and the Japanese. Due to its diversity and unique status as a Eurasian creole culture, it is locally referred to as the ''Tong-Si kultuur'' (東西文, 'East–West culture').
 
==='''Population'''= Ethnicity and race ====
Like [[New Batavia]] and [[Macau]], Taulanders are perceived by its own citizens and by foreigners as a Eurasian population. Around two-thirds of Taulanders are of mixed ancestry, primarily Germanic, Chinese, and Formosan, with lesser admixture from Corea, Japan, and surrounding nations. One of their defining features is their multilingualism and their historic affiliation with Protestantism, particularly the Reformed Church. The remaining one-third of Tauland's residents consist of mainly Chinese, Formosan, Corean, Loetsjaan, Viet, and Indonesian peoples.
Tauland, according to the last census, has a population of 25,575,808 as of 31 May 2020. Most of Tauland's landscape is mountainous, thus over 80% of the population living in urban centers. It is the 12th most population-dense nation in the world with 691 inhabitants per square kilometer.
 
==== '''Ethnicity'''Language ====
Two distinct languages dominate the Republic of Tauland — Dutch and [[Tauaans]]. The official form of Dutch used in Tauland is considered akin to the language spoken in the Netherlands, with only a handful of features unique to the island. It is the primary language of government, education, law, diplomacy, and the media. On the other hand, Tauaans, a Sino–Dutch creole, is the lingua franca of Tauland and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. As a creole, Tauaans has a number of sociolects and registers which may vary based on the speaker's background and social circumstance.
As of 2021 the population of Tauland consists of the following:
 
==See also==
* 70% '''Taulanders'''; mixed race people of mainly Han Chinese, European, and Aboriginal ancestries
{{Nations of the World }}
* 22% '''Chinese'''; descendants of Han immigrants, mainly from Hokkien and Lingnan regions. Little to no racial admixture
* 3% '''Dutch'''; descendants of European, mainly Dutch-speaking settlers. Little to no racial admixture
* 5% '''others'''; consists of Coreans, Japanese, Filipinos, Kinh Viet
{{ Nations of the World }}
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