South Tussenland Creole: Difference between revisions

Added picture and phonology.
m (Added reference to it being called Kriöl in Amerikaens/Eng)
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{{Infobox language|boxsize=300px|name=<center>South Tussenland Creole|nation=[[South Tussenland]]|fam1=Dutch-based creole Creoleslanguages|stateimage=File:Painting of black woman writing.jpg|imagesize=300px|minority=[[South TussenlandSalvatia]]|nationimagecaption=[[SouthAfia TussenlandBeatriks de Waal]] (1847–1911), the founder of the first purpose-built Kriöl academy at Nieuw-Beverwÿck in 1889.}}
 
'''South Tussenland Creole''' (''TalTâl SudisendaSaudasenda''; [[Amerikaens]]: ''Suydt-Tussenlandts kriöl''), alsocommonly known as '''Kriöl''' and commonly referred to by its speakers asor '''Sakoro''' ([[South Tussenland Creole#Phonology|[sakɔrɔ]]]), is a [[Dutch language|Dutch]]-based creole language spoken natively by 60–80% of [[South Tussenland]]'s population. It emerged as a distinct language {{circa|1700}}c. 1700 among African slaves of the Lower Mississippi region. ApproximatelyThe fromformation 1850–1920, Creole becameof a language of literature, the [[Zoekerism|Zoekerist faith]], and politics in independentsovereign South Tussenland. Thein early1855 20thbrought centuryabout sawthe many speakers decreolize their speech in favorliterarization of the prestigiouslanguage; its ''[[Amerikaens#Phonology|Juysgolden Mondordt]]age''. Today,is Sakorooften functionsconsidered asto thespan lowerroughly register1850 into a diglossic situation with [[Amerikaens]], mainly being used as a spoken vernacular and the liturgical language of [[Zoekerism]]1920.
 
The early 20th century saw many speakers decreolize their speech in favor of the [[Taelkomisie]]-prescribed [[Amerikaens#Phonology|''Juys Mondordt'']]. Today, Sakoro functions as the lower register in a diglossic relationship with [[Amerikaens]], mainly being used as a spoken vernacular and the liturgical language of [[Zoekerism]]. Since 1918, it has been recognized as a minority language in [[Salvatia]], though only spoken by 3.2% of its population.
[[Netherlands|Dutch]], [[Mexico|Spanish]], [[Accany|Akan]], [[Kongo|Kikongo]], and indigenous American languages such as Hoema are Sakoro's primary influences in vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. This composition and history gives it a striking resemblance to other creoles of the Caribbean region such as Berbice Dutch, Papiamento, and Saint-Dominguese.
 
[[Netherlands|The lexical, grammatical, and syntactical elements of Sakoro exhibit influences from Dutch]], [[Mexico|Spanish]], [[Accany|Akan]], [[Kongo|Kikongo]], andas well as indigenous American languages such as Hoema are Sakoro's primary influences in vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. This linguistic composition and history givesits ithistorical atrajectory strikingbear resemblance to other creolescreole oflanguages found in the Caribbean region, such as Berbice Dutch, Papiamento, and Saint-Dominguese.
 
== Etymology ==
The word ''sakoro'' came to be used in reference to the language from the beginning of the 19th century. Three theories on the word's origin, none widely accepted, circulate among the general public and the scholarly class:
 
* ''Shakulo'', a native Tsjatah word meaning 'bald cypress', a tree indigenous to [[South Tussenland]].
* ''Sakōro'', the [[Accany|Akan]] word for foe-foe, a pounded dough staple foodstuff found in various forms throughout west and central Africa.
* One of many Romance-language terms descending from theThe Latin term ''sacculus'' ('small sack' or 'wine sack') via [[Spanish language|Spanish]].
 
== History and origins ==
 
== Phonology ==
 
==== Consonants ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Coronal–palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|n
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!{{abbr|vl.|Voiceless}}
|p
|t
|
|k
|
|-
!{{abbr|v.|Voiced}}
|b
|d
|
|g
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|f
|s
|
|h
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|
|t͡ʃ
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Liquid
|w
|l
|j
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Rhotic
|
| colspan="3" |r
|
|}
 
==== Vowels ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Close
| colspan="2" |i
|u
|-
!Close-mid
| colspan="2" |e
| rowspan="2" |o
|-
!Open-mid
| colspan="2" |ɛ
|-
!Open
| colspan="3" |ɑ
|}
 
== Orthography ==
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