Russo-Corean War: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Russo-Corean War
| image = Aftermath_of_the_russo_corean_war_innismaps.jpg
| caption = The ramifications of the war (1936)
| partof = The Great War
| date = 1932 – 1935
| place = East Asia
| result = * Defeat and dismantlement of [[Corea]]'s imperial sphere
* Reunification of the Chinese state under the [[China#Chinese_Republic_(1936-)|Second Chinese Republic]]
* Russian annexation of [[Poeja]]
* Return of Tsushima to Japan
* [[Poesjan]] ceded to Corea, [[Terjan]] ceded to Russia
* Start of the [[1936 Maizuru Incidents]]
| combatant1 = * [[History_of_Corea#Sjakwang_period_(1883-1936)|Sjakwang Corea]]
* [[Netherlands]] (until 1934)
* [[Tauland]] (support, until 1933)
| combatant2 = * [[Russia]]
* [[China#Wahhah_Republic_(1931-1936)|First Chinese Republic]]
* [[Japan]]
| commander1 =
| commander2 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 = '''Killed:''' 510,000 <br> '''Missing/Deserted:''' 240,000 <br> '''Total Casualties:''' 760,000
| casualties2 = '''Civilians:''' 670,000 <br>'''Military:''' 1,819,910
| combatant3 = [[Qing]]
}}
[[File:Dutch soldiers in Eindhoven.png|thumb|A pair of Dutch soldiers fighting somewhere in the region]]
The '''Russo-Corean War''' (Corean: 서광붕맹, Dutch: ''De Slag naar Corea'', Russian: Русско-Kорейская Bойна), also known in the Sinosphere as the '''Chinese Unification War''' (統一戰爭; Cantonese'': tung'it zinzang;'' [[Mandarin]]'': tung'i chancheng'') was a military conflict fought between 1932 and 1936. It was a punitive war launched by and [[Russia]], supported by [[Japan]] and the [[Wahhah Republic|China]], against [[Corea]] in response to the empire's expansionism.
== Overview and context ==
Prior to the conflict, the [[Russian Civil War]] (1925-1928) gave rise to the [[National republicanism|national republican]] government of Russia. The Corean military assumed that Russia's turmoil would prevent them from entering the war, an assumption which was eventually proved wrong. Russia was joined by Japan, who also had territorial claims in Corea. In turn, Corea calls upon its trusted ally, the [[Netherlands]]. Russia, China, and Japan joined in a coalition to defeat the Corean empire and to annex their claimed territories.
==== Second Sino-Corean War (1931) ====
The monarchy of [[Huaxia#Kingdom of Canton|Canton]] had been overthrown in 1931 by the Huaxia National Reform Party, who established the First Chinese Republic. This threatened Corea's dominance in Northeast Asia. Fearing that the First Republic would seek to reunify China and invade the waning [[Great Qing#Eastern Qing dynasty (1857-1936)|Qing dynasty]], Corea pre-emptively invaded the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_China_Plain Great Chinese Plains]on the 8th of February, 1931, violating the [[Treaty of Peking]] of 1888.
After three months of fighting, the city and Qing capital of Peking fell to Corean forces. The [[Haboek|Kingdom of Haboek]] was established as a Corean puppet state, with a member of the [[House of Ki|Ki dynasty]] chosen to serve as king.
== Progression of the war ==
The Russians declare war on Corea in 1932. Their first strike came from the air, as a fleet of 95 bombers on the ninth of May conducted the first successful strategic bombing mission. The city of Sjimjang was razed to the ground by a firebombing campaign and many of the city's wooden houses were burned to the ground, foreshadowing the horrible tactics that the belligerents would employ in the war.
More Russian air raids occurred in [[Poeja]] and in the Corean peninsula itself. [[Japan]] assisted the war effort by blockading the Dutch ports of Desjima and Poesjan. The [[Netherlands]], in turn, used [[Tauland]] as a naval base during the course of the war to support Corea.
Tauland was considered an unwilling participant of the war. The Netherlands had employed a controversial naval agreement they made with Tauland in 1895. This strained the Netherlands' relations with the Taulanders. The island suffered numerous air raids launched from China and civilian casualties were high. This turned Tauland's public opinion against the war and pressured the government to exit the war and expel the Dutch navy.
To further undermine the position of Corea, Russia began talks with the Chinese First Republic, convincing them to join the war. China's role in the war was a lot larger than the Russians had anticipated, diminishing the war efforts by Japan which were mostly limited to naval warfare and blockading of Dutch and Corean ports.[[File:A hazy picture of Dutch soldiers somewhere around Busan.jpg|thumb|Soldiers with a ''Beest'' armoured personal carrier, somewhere in Poeja. |left]]
After the [[Great War]] erupted in Europe in May 1935, Russia entered an alliance with [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]]. Afraid that the Russo-Corean conflict would merge with the Great War and invite possible British intervention in the war, the Netherlands exited the war. Neither Russia and Corea expected the move. Their withdrawal in the war was immediately recognized by Russia, and the Netherlands started pulling their troops out of Corea. This destroyed Dutch-Corean relations, with the Coreans viewing it as a betrayal. The Dutch had previously betrayed their Qing allies in [[Sino-Corean War|First Sino-Corean War]]. During the withdrawal, there were reports of violence among Corean and Dutch soldiers, but these reports were mostly unconfirmed.
In September 1935, the Corean Minister of Foreign Affairs Ri Mjang and French diplomat Jacques-Yves Lavigne met privately, recognizing their mutual geopolitical interests in Asia. Lavigne's promise of French aid in the event of Corea joining the war led them to do so not long after.
However, France did not fulfill this promise. In the November of 1935, Russian and Chinese forces captured the Poejan city of Kirim and continued to march southwards toward peninsular Corea. However, they could not make it past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changbai_Mountains Tsjangbek Mountains], which were well-fortified. In December 1935, Russian forces were able to land in the formerly Dutch-controlled port of [[Poesjan]].
== Conclusion and aftermath ==
[[File:Captured German soldiers ww2.jpg|thumb|Dutch soldiers surrendering after the Russian military's Siege of Sartu. ]]
Russia was eventually able to occupy Hansjang, the Corean capital, in 1935. Outside of the Kyanggi region, several Corean guerrilla armies continued fighting against the Russians and Japanese. Later in that year, the [[House of Ki|imperial family of Corea]] fled to [[Vietnam]]. This demoralised the Corean resistance. Eventually, republican activists and intellectuals in the upper echelons of Corean society decided to end the war by pre-emptively surrending to their opponents.
==== Treaty of Hansjang (1936) ====
The Coreans finally surrendered on April 1936 with the signing of the Treaty of Hansjang. Under the treaty, Corea ceded [[Poeja]] to Russia and [[Haboek]] to China. The monarchy was abolished and a nominally sovereign national republic was established.
== Gallery ==
{{Gallery|File:Russo-CoreanWar1.png|Corean royal army soldiers out in the field.|align=center|title=The Russo-Corean War|File:Russo-CoreanWar2.png|Russian soldiers in the ruined outskirts of Pjangjang.|File:Russo-CoreanWar3.png|Dutch soldiers in the outskirts of Poesjan.}}
== See also ==
* [[Russia]]
*[[China]]
* [[Corea]] (and its [[History of Corea|history]])
* [[Japan]] (and its [[History of Japan|history]])
*[[Great War]]
*[[Sino-Corean War|First Sino-Corean War]]
{{Timeline and Lore}}
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