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====Palissandria in the 19th century====
In 1816, the Tuscan West Indies Company established a permanent settlement where Cayenne used to be: Nuova Lucca. The still-preserved structures of the former French colonial investments were renovated and gave advantage to the colonial efforts of the company.
The first wave of Italian colonists who came to South America was composed of six hundred people from Tuscany and around two hundred from other Italian states. This resulted in the rapid growth of Nuova Lucca and a vertiginous rise in the Italian population proportional to the small number of French colonists.
The Tuscan West Indies Company managed to put Tuscany among the colonial powers by developing an economy based on sugar plantations and the extractivism of the Drogas do Sertão (spices, nuts, and fruits of the Amazon). The workforce for such activities was composed mostly of slaves bought in the Brasilian markets of Belém and São Luís.
==== The Palissandro Insurgency of 1884: ====
In the late 19th century, inspired by the several successful movements for independence across South America, secret societies formed with the goal of bringing independence from Tuscany. The main of those societies was born in Nouvo Lucca in 1882: the Palissandro Order (name attributed due to the brownish and purple on their vests). Led by the revolutionary Matteo Garibaldi.
Composed of men of the upper classes of colonial society, the only ones able to study politics abroad, especially in France, Britain, and also Colombia, the order planned to wage war against the Tuscan West Indies Company and establish a republican regime in the former colony. On October 14th, a full-on revolt started by surprise in Nuova Lucca. In a few days, the city fell, and the Tuscan West Indies Company moved their headquarters to Oiapoque, where reinforcements from Europe were called. On November 2nd, the Palissandro Republic was created with Garibaldi as president.
The newly established republic developed a fairly liberal constitution and, after less than a month of existence, was recognized by major South American nations, such as Colombia, Peru, and Equador, which supported the revolutionaries.
The dream of an independent Palissandria lasted short. In 1885, reinforcements from Europe were able to shift the tides of the conflict on Tuscany's behalf. On March 21st, Nuova Lucca was retaken. This moment is considered the end of the insurgency, but fighting would end only in June. Many members of the Palissandro Order and supporters of the republic managed to escape to Equador and Colombia. Garibaldi was captured by Tuscan forces and sentenced to hanging on April 1st.
In response to the insurgency, Tuscany decided it was necessary to exert more centralized control over the colony by dismantling the Tuscan West Indies Company. Beyond this point, the colony became directly controlled by a General Governor appointed by Florence.
==== Palissandria in the 20th century ====▼
▲====Palissandria in the 20th century====
==Demographics==
{{Nations of the World}}
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