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Ottoman Sultanate: Difference between revisions
Added Russo-Ottoman War and Anglo-Ottoman war (1884-1885)
(Ottoman lore up until the French revolution and their victory. TODO: decline of the Ottomans, nationalist movements, the 20th century) |
(Added Russo-Ottoman War and Anglo-Ottoman war (1884-1885)) |
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=== Late 19th century, and the Ottoman Decline ===
Contrary to expectation, the Ottomans saw stagnation and languished for the rest of the 19th century. The prestige brought with their victories during the French revolution made the absolutist Ottoman state complacent. This became evident during the late 19th century when the empire's military prowess was tested in two simultaneous wars against the Russians and British.
===== Russo-Ottoman War (1884-1885) =====
The Russo-Ottoman War of 1884 erupted due to Russian ambitions in controlling the Black Sea. The Russians hoped to capture Constantinople, but the Ottomans were able to leverage their terrain advantage and successfully defended the city. However, the constant attacks by the Russians eventually started to overwhelm the Ottoman military. In early 1885, the Ottomans also faced another threat in the south: the British, who had ambitions to take control of Egypt. This pressured the Ottomans to sue the Russians for peace. In the resulting Treaty of Angorra (1885), the Ottomans ceded the Crimean peninsula to Russia, ending the nearly four hundred years of Ottoman presence in the region.
===== Anglo-Turkish War (1885) =====
Since the 1870s, the British already had solid ambitions in taking Egypt, a strategic control point, from the Ottomans. The war was spurred on by a recommendation from British secretary of war, Wendell Monaghan, who reported the outdated military tactics used by the Ottomans in their fight against the Russians, promising an easy victory. In 1885, the British sent an expedition force to Egypt, shortly gaining control of the region. Multiple skirmishes between the Ottomans and British ensued, but the war quickly ended in the same year with the war-exhausted Ottomans relinquishing control of Egypt.
=== Ottoman Reform Period ===
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