Irokesenland: Difference between revisions

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|common_name=Irokesenland
|full_name=Province of Irokesenland
|local_name=Joedzjadē kanohsē gakanosēga
|flag=Flag_of_Irokesenland.png
|map=Locator_Irokesenland.png
|established= 1816
|languages= [[Amerikaens]] (official) </br> [[Irokees]]
|capital=Bloemendael|largest_city=Bloemendael}}'''Irokesenland''' ([[Amerikaens]]: ''Irokesenlandt'', [[Irokees]]: ''Joedzjadē kanohsē gakanosēga'', lit. 'lands characterised by the longhouse') is a province of the [[Tussenland|Federation of Tussenland]]. Founded as a Dutch protectorate in 1816, it was inaugurated as a province in 1861.
 
== History ==
 
==== The Hoodenoshieöné ====
Since medieval times, the Hoodenoshieöné Confederation dominated what is now western [[New Netherland]] as well as parts of [[Meerenland]] and Irokesenland. The state abided by the Great Constitution and, was governed by the Grand Council, an assembly of fifty lords (Irokees: ''sadjem'')., Startingand was populated by the Irokees people, divided into five nations and fifty clans. inIn the early 17th century, they established trade with the [[Netherlands]] and [[France]].
 
===== Treaty of Perpetual Alliance =====
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===== Wars and expansion =====
In the late 17th century, the Hoodenoshieöné attacked and pillaged what is now northern Irokesenland, driving the local Ilinieuweck northwest. With the Netherlands' support, the Hoodenoshieöné were able to stop the French from expanding down south during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Wars Beaver Wars]. At one point, they came close to sacking the settlement of Montréal. In the 1690s, peace was made with the French. The Hoodenoshieöné victory during the war put the Dutch in a prime position to launch [https://www.reddit.com/r/RosesTulipsAndLiberty/comments/mxdk75/european_claims_and_expeditions_into_the/ various explorations and expeditions] down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and subsequently claim a large portion of North America's interior.
 
{{Nation|common_name=Hoodenoshieöné|full_name=Hoodenoshieöné Confederation|flag=Flag_of_the_Iroquois_Confederacy.svg|capital=Onondaga City|government_type=Directorial federal republic|languages=Cajuckonoo </br> Onatouwacka </br> Onondaga </br> Mohawk </br> Onjotacka|lifespan=1142 - 1816|map=Iroquois_Migration_Map.png}}
 
==== The Great Migration ====
By the dawn of the 19th century, Hoodenoshieönéthe territoryterritories hadof Hoodenoshieöné spanned from the southern coast of Lake Ontario to the confluence point of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Settlers from New Netherland were pouring into the Confederation, despite the treaty back in 1658 forbidding the Dutch from creating new settlements. By 1780, more than half of the Confederation's territories had Dutch settlers illegally living on them.
 
When New Netherland declared independence from the Dutch in 1796, Newthe Netherlandnew country claimed territoryall asterritories fareast westof asthe 8282nd degreesmeridian west. This claim included substantial parts of the Iroquoian homelandConfederation. The IroquoisHoodenoshieöné initially remained neutral, hoping that the Dutch RepublicNetherlands would eventually regain control of New Netherlandintervene. However, with the FrenchNetherlands steamrollingwas thesoon Dutchoccupied Republic duringby the French revolution,during the DutchAugustine RepublicWars neverand regainedwere controlincapacitated. of New Netherland.
 
New Netherland was no longer subject to the Treaty of Perpetual Alliance and had legal ability to stop paying the land leases. By 1805, the Onatouwacka and Cajuckonoo nations saw it necessary to migrate southwest to present-day central Irokesenland to avoid assimilation and cultural genocide. Tensions between the five different nations increased steadily with each having differing political and economic agendas. During the [[History of New Netherland#The New Patroon Government, under Marÿn van der Beeke, first stadtholder of New Netherland (1796-1811)|reign of Marÿn van Beeke]], the Onondaga nation even showed interest in formally becoming part of New Netherland, triggering a drastic political decision.
The Iroquois had to act. The Iroquois Grand Council was convened multiple times throughout the late 1790s and early 1800s over the matter. The Onatouwacka and Cajuckonoo nations saw it necessary to flee southwest to their hunting grounds, away from New Netherland's influence and land claims, as the only way to protect their sovereignty. Furthermore, they feared that if they become part of New Netherland, the New Netherland government would stop paying the land leases, especially now that New Netherland was no longer subject to Dutch laws protecting the Iroquois. However, the other Iroquois nations (the Mohawk, Onondaga and Oneida) wished to remain in their traditional homeland. There was increasing political tension between the Cajuckonoo and the Oneida, who, under the Iroquois' Grand Council system, had to reach a consensus before a final decision could be passed. The differing stances led to political deadlock, and the council had to dismiss and reconvene multiple times. Tensions between the Iroquois nations even became tenser as the Onondaga showed interest in the invitation to join New Netherland, offered by the New Netherland government led by Marÿn van Beeke. Eventually, it became clear that the grand council could not make a decision. In 1805, the Cayuga and Seneca migrated south and escaped into their southwest hunting grounds without the other Iroquois nations' approval. This effectively marked the end of the Hoodenoshieöné Confederation.
[[File:End of the Haudenosaunee Map.png|left|thumb|271x271px]]
 
==== The Protectorate of Irokesenlandtperiod (1816-1861) ====
After the Kingdom ofWitn the [[Netherlands]] wasbeing createdrestored in 1814, the fledgling kingdom still recognized the Treaty of Perpetual Alliance with the Hoodenoshieöné. TogetherIn with1816, the Irokesenlandt Land Grant Treaty was signed in Fort Hedel between the Dutch West India Company, the Netherlands, offeredand the Cajuckonoo and& Onatouwacka. landThis withinTreaty thegave Tussenlandthem colony,the whichright they couldto rule withautonomous autonomy.lands Inin 1816,present-day thesouthern IrokesenlandtIrokesenland. LandThe GrantRoyal TreatyTussenland was signedCompany, in Forta Hedelposition byof thepower, Dutchproceeded Westto India Company,disenfranchise the KingdomIrokees; ofthis the Netherlands, andincluded the three1848 nations' sachemsPurchase, givingwhere thea Iroquoislarge the southern halfportion of Iroksenlandt.promised Thelands treatywere officiallysold recognized the Cajuckonoo and Onatouwacka ruling autonomously within the Tussenlandto colony[[Virginia]].
 
As the 19th century progressed, the Cajuckonoo and Onatouwacka engaged in conflicts with indigenous peoples native to Irokesenland, such as the Sjouwanacki, Tsjickasja, Nieuwkonscka, and the Ockapa. The Irokees soon assimilated many of these peoples. During these wars, the Royal Tussenland Company offered the territory of modern [[Opdamsland]] to these displaced tribes.
This land grant put the Kingdom of the Netherlands in a strong position against the Iroquois. The Iroquois' status as a sovereign nation became moot. The Royal Tussenland Company manipulating Iroquois policy would be a common trend throughout the 19th century, including the controversial strong-arming and pressuring of the Dutch to sell the eastern part Irokesenlandt to Virginia in 1848 in an attempt to avoid war with the British. In the same year, the Cajuckonoo and Onatouwacka recognized Dutch suzerainty, creating the Protectorate of Irokesenlandt (known in English as the Iroquois Country).
==== Wars against the Sioux, Sjouwanacki (Shawnee) and Tsjickasja (Chickasaw) ====
As the 19th century progressed, the Cajuckonoo and Onatouwacka launched several wars against the peoples inhabiting their new territory. They waged war against the Siouan peoples of the Nieuwkonscka (Osage), Ockapa (Osage), and also the southeastern peoples of the Tsjickasja and the Sjouwanacki. This period, known as the Iroksenlandt Wars period (1816-1840), was one of the darkest times in Irokesenland history. Thousands of non-Iroquois died during the conflict, while some of the women and children who survived were assimilated into the Iroquois nation to sustain their population, very much reminiscent of the Beaver Wars against the Algonquins in the 17th century. The Dutch, who had favored the Iroquois peoples, did very little to stop the Iroquois in committing these atrocities. Eventually, the Dutch offered parcels of land west of Iroquois country to the displaced peoples, in what is now called Opdamsland.
 
In 1848, the Dutch sold land west of the Appalachian Mountain RangeAppalachians to the British, in an effort to prevent warfuture overconflicts. theThe contestedindigenous region.southern TheIrokees Iroquoispeoples who had lived there, namely the Ojateckeronoo (Cherokee), Tsjerohacka (Nottoway), Kouintsjacka (Meherrin), and the Scharoerieacka (Tuscarora), whosettled were allin southern Iroquois people, were moved to the western Iroquois country, south of Cajuckonoo landIrokesenland. These tribes, while still Iroquois peoples, were at the mercy of the Cajuckonoo and the Ojateckeronoo.
==== Migration of the Appalachian Iroquois ====
In 1848, the Dutch sold land west of the Appalachian Mountain Range to the British, in an effort to prevent war over the contested region. The Iroquois who had lived there, namely the Ojateckeronoo (Cherokee), Tsjerohacka (Nottoway), Kouintsjacka (Meherrin), and the Scharoerieacka (Tuscarora), who were all southern Iroquois people, were moved to the western Iroquois country, south of Cajuckonoo land. These tribes, while still Iroquois peoples, were at the mercy of the Cajuckonoo and the Ojateckeronoo.
 
===== RiseFormation of the Pan-Irokees Ideologyidentity =====
Over the entire 19th century, the Iroquois society had morphed into something completely different than what they had before the Europeans arrived. The trade and alliance with the Dutch led to heavy intermingling and intermarriages between their societies, and a growing mixed-race population, called the Irokees, was starting gain dominance. The shift towards western cultural styles were catalyzed by the creation of the Irokesenland protectorate. Irokees people adopted many of the cultural practices of the Dutch, such as Christianity, market participation, written constitutions, the gradual shift towards a patrilineal society, and even slavery, but had not abandoned their strong Iroquois identity. The borders within Irokesenland, originally intended as the boundaries between the various Iroquois nations, gradually became nothing more than ordinary administrative divisions as a new Irokees identity grew and tribal divisions were becoming less apparent.
 
'''Dominion of Tussenland'''
By the late 1850s, Irokees nationalism was at a high. The colonial dependence on the Dutch led to desires for self-determination and independence. Irokesenland was not alone in their quest for self-rule. Other colonies of the Dutch, like the Francohponic Meerenland colony in the Great Lakes, also experienced unrest. In 1859, Irokesenland nationalists joined forces with the Francophone Meerenlander rebels in the north. Together, they participated in an insurrection that led to colonial reforms by the Dutch in 1861.
 
By the late 1850s, Irokees nationalism was at a high. The colonial dependence on the Dutch led to desires for self-determination and independence. Irokesenland was not alone in their quest for self-rule. Other colonies of the Dutch, like the Francohponic Meerenland colony in the Great Lakes, also experienced unrest. In 1859, Irokesenland nationalists joined forces with the Francophone Meerenlander rebels in the north. Together, they participated in an insurrection that led to colonial reforms by the Dutch in 1861. In 1861, the four colonies of the Dutch in America, coalesced into what is know known as the Federation of Tussenland, with high degrees of self-rule, butwith the Dutch monarch as its head of state.
 
== Government and Politics ==
 
== Demographics ==
 
== Culture ==
 
== See also ==
In 1861, the four (original) colonies of the Dutch in America, coalesced into what is know known as the Federation of Tussenland, with high degrees of self-rule, butwith the Dutch monarch as its head of state.
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