History of the Philippines: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "==Premodern history (900–1565)== thumb|A Map depicting Pre-Colonial PhilippinesThe earliest known surviving written record found in the Philippines is the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. By the 1300s, a number of the large coastal settlements had emerged as trading centers, and became the focal point of societal changes. Some polities had exchanges with other states across Asia. Trade with China is believed to have begun during the Tang dynasty,...") |
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==Premodern history
Contemporary with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius Confucius]' lifetime, the [[Philippines]] developed its initial indigenous mercantile and tribal cultures. Contact with various Hindu-Buddhist empires, such as the Pallava and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkasuka Langkasoeka], paved the way for the establishment of sovereign Philippine states influenced by Indian, Islamic, and Malay cultures during the medieval period. Philippine states such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila Manilla], Chinese-influenced [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboloan Kaboloan], Hindu [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajahnate_of_Cebu Cebu], and Islamic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate Ternate] flourished during the precolonial period. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay Balangays] formed the basic unit of several states. Commerce and conflict with [[China]], [[Japan]], the Caliphates, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champa Champa], India, Java-based empires like the Madjahapit, and others continued uninterrupted for centuries. [[File:PreCol.png|thumb|A map depicting the kingdoms of the precolonial [[Philippines]], excluding Papua and Maluku del Norte. ]]By the 15th century, Islam was established in southwestern Mindanao. [[Brunei]] expanded and established their influence over several Philippine polities, most notably the Kingdom of Manilla. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzones Luzones], aristocrats and merchants from the kingdoms of Luzon, were heavily involved in trade and politics across the region, especially with the freshly conquered Portuguese stronghold of Malacca.
In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the area, claiming the islands for [[Spain]] and beginning the three century-long colonial era.
==Colonial period (1565–1872)==
Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565. In 1571, Spanish Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies, which encompassed Spanish territories in Asia and the Pacific. The Spanish successfully invaded the different local states by employing the principle of divide and conquer, bringing most of what is now the Philippines into a single unified administration. Disparate barangays were deliberately consolidated into towns, where Catholic missionaries were more easily able to convert the inhabitants to Christianity. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain, later administered from Madrid following the Mexican War of Independence. Manila was the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade. Manila galleons were constructed in Bicol and Cavite.
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