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== Augustine period (1795-1815) ==
==== French Revolution ====
{{Main|French Revolution}}
The French Revolution was a revolutionary movement that hit France in the late 18th century. It ultimately led to the expulsion of the Bourbon monarchy to [[New France]] and the establishment of the short-lived Republic of France.
In 1795, the National Assembly's President, [[Augustine Spiga]], proclaimed himself Director. [[Henri, Dauphin of France]] was installed as a puppet monarch. He was executed after the Assembly revealed that he was in correspondence with [[Austria]] to restore the old regime in what became known as the Murders of Versailles.
Meanwhile, King [[Philip VIII]] and Henri's younger brother, [[Louis XV (Bourbon)|Louis, Duke of Anjou]] fled to [[New France]]. However, an impostor named [[Robert le Cerf]], reaching Quebecq before the King, had falsely identified himself as Philip VIII. When Philip VIII and the Duke of Anjou arrived in Quebec a week later, le Cerf was executed. Soon after the royals' arrival, Philip VIII died and passed the throne to his son, who became [[Louis XV (Bourbon)|Louis XV]], the 6th Bourbon monarch.
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = War of Deliverance
| place = Western Europe, northern America, Asia
| image = French Expansion in the First Deliverance War (1795-1798).png
| date = 1795 - 1789
| caption = French-occupied territories by 1798 with the [[Treaty of Maastricht]]
}}
==== War of Deliverance (1795-1798) ====
{{Main|Augustine Spiga}}
Spiga would then start a revolutionary campaign to expand French influence and propel French territorial ambitions. Under him, France subjugated the [[Netherlands|Dutch Republic]], [[Austria]], and various German states with the aid of the [[Russia|Russians]]. The fall of the Dutch Republic triggered the [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/History_of_New_Netherland#New_Netherland_Independence_War independence of New Netherland] and unrest in several other Dutch colonies.
After news of the murders hit London and Vienna, the allies decided that France had to be put down. Britain and Austria declared war on France. As a response, Rossignol had sent the National Army to occupy the Bishopric of Liege and the Dutch Republic in the spring of 1795. [[Jacques Rossignol|Marshal Rossignol]]'s forces were met with very little resistance, and the Dutch had even welcomed the French as their liberators. On 4 April 1795, the Dutch Republic government was dissolved, and a new republic had been established - the Batavian Republic, which had a semi-autonomous government under the umbrella of the French Republic.
William, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, had crossed the channel and found refuge in Britain. In the Dutch House of southern England's Kew Palace, he had written the infamous Kew Letters, ordering the colonies of the Dutch Republic to be transferred to Great Britain for safekeeping. These letters were wildly unpopular among most of the Dutch colonies, especially in [[New Netherland]]. The letters triggered an anti-Orangist coup in New Netherland, with the leaders denouncing William as a traitor. Great Britain attempted to invade New Netherland in 1796, and had led to the the [[History of New Netherland#The French Revolution, and Political Turmoil in New Netherland|New Netherland Independence War.]] The New Netherland government was recognized and supported by France. However, the situation in Europe forced Britain to sign a peace treaty with the New Netherland government. In the winter of 1796, New Netherland's independence was recognized by Britain.
Britain and Austria declare war on France. In Europe, the situation for the British and Austrians had gotten worse. In 1798, the French forced Britain and Austria to sign the ''Treaty of Maastricht'', which formalized the creation of the Batavian Republic and the French annexation of the Spanish Low Countries, the Bishopric of Liege, and the historically tense region of Franche-Comte.
==== Fall of Spiga and end of the First Republic ====
=====Treaty of Vienna (1814)=====
France would face defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire after an unsuccessful French campaign to conquer the city of Constantinople. The Treaty of Vienna was signed in 1814. Despite France's defeat, the revolution had shaken up the old order of Europe and redrew its boundaries. The German Confederation would be created, and the kingdoms of [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Hanover Hanover], [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Saxony Saxony], and [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Pomerania Pomerania] would be restored and expanded. The [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands] was also established.
===== Establishment of Australie =====
In 1810, the Director of revolutionary France, Augustine Spiga, sent out the famous Freycinet expedition to determine the suitability of Australia for French colonization and settlement. The expedition landed on the south-eastern coast of Australia and mapped parts of the region. Two years later, news of the Freycinet expedition moved public support for the colonization of Terra Australis (what the continent of Australia was known at the time). In 1812, revolutionary France attempted to settle a colony along Bellevue Bay. However, after six months, a lack of food supplies and a surge in interpersonal rivalries among the colonists led the bay colony to be abandoned.
In the immediate aftermath of the Augustine wars, the French government planned to send another mission to resettle Australia after realizing British ambitions in the region. But, in light of the first French attempt of colonizing the continent, these plans were shelved. After a few years, the French government retooled the initial recolonization plans into a newer plan for a penal colony (which the French lacked since [[Palissandria|losing their Guyanese colony to the Tuscans]]). On May 19th, 1817, 1200 French colonists (including at least 900 convicts) landed near Bellevue Bay and established the first permanent French presence on the continent. Later in 1821, after a series of riots in Paris by revolutionary war veterans, the French government enacted a settlement program that gave large tracts of land to former soldiers to settle in Australia. One early major complaint among French settlers to Australia was the uneven gender ratio of colonists (nine Frenchmen to every French Woman in 1825). This issue led to a high degree of intermarriage with the indigenous peoples of Australia and a sizeable sex trade of wives from Polynesia and Aotearoa among colonists to French Australia. In 1828, France consolidated the Bellevue Bay penal colony and surrounding veteran land grants into the imperial territory of Terre-Australe. Along with this, the French expanded their colonial claims up the east coast of the Australian continent.
== Valentine period (1815-1874) ==
The Ligurian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi Grimaldi family] became the new ruling house of France in 1815. They held the titles of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois Duke of Valentinois] and Prince of Monaco for centuries, giving them influence and prowess in the Bourbon court.
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