History of France: Difference between revisions
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The position of the king was dissolved and the National Assembly's President, [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Augustine_Spiga Augustine Spiga], proclaimed himself as Director of the French Republic in 1795. His younger brother, to become King Louis XV, fled to [[New France]] and re-established the French monarchy in the city of Quebec in 1795.
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Spiga would then start a revolutionary campaign to expand French influence and propel French territorial ambitions. Under his rule, France subjugated the Dutch Republic, Austria, and the various German principalities with the aid of the Russians. The fall of the Dutch Republic directly caused the [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/History_of_New_Netherland#New_Netherland_Independence_War independence of New Netherland] and unrest in several Dutch colonies.
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France would face defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire after an unsuccessful French campaign to conquer the city of Constantinople. The Treaty of Vienna was signed in 1814. Despite France's defeat, the revolution had shaken up the old order of Europe and redrew its boundaries. The German Confederation would be created, and the kingdoms of [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Hanover Hanover], [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Saxony Saxony], and [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Pomerania Pomerania] would be restored and expanded. The [https://wiki.rosestulipsandliberty.com/wiki/Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands] was also established.
===== Establishment of Australie =====
In 1810, the Director of revolutionary France, Augustine Spiga, sent out the famous Freycinet expedition to determine the suitability of Australia for French colonization and settlement. The expedition landed on the south-eastern coast of Australia and mapped parts of the region. Two years later, news of the Freycinet expedition moved public support for the colonization of Terra Australis (what the continent of Australia was known at the time). In 1812, revolutionary France attempted to settle a colony along Bellevue Bay. However, after six months, a lack of food supplies and a surge in interpersonal rivalries among the colonists led the bay colony to be abandoned.
In the immediate aftermath of the Augustine wars, the French government planned to send another mission to resettle Australia after realizing British ambitions in the region. But, in light of the first French attempt of colonizing the continent, these plans were shelved. After a few years, the French government retooled the initial recolonization plans into a newer plan for a penal colony (which the French lacked since [[Palissandria|losing their Guyanese colony to the Tuscans]]). On May 19th, 1817, 1200 French colonists (including at least 900 convicts) landed near Bellevue Bay and established the first permanent French presence on the continent. Later in 1821, after a series of riots in Paris by revolutionary war veterans, the French government enacted a settlement program that gave large tracts of land to former soldiers to settle in Australia. One early major complaint among French settlers to Australia was the uneven gender ratio of colonists (nine Frenchmen to every French Woman in 1825). This issue led to a high degree of intermarriage with the indigenous peoples of Australia and a sizeable sex trade of wives from Polynesia and Aotearoa among colonists to French Australia. In 1828, France consolidated the Bellevue Bay penal colony and surrounding veteran land grants into the imperial territory of Terre-Australe. Along with this, the French expanded their colonial claims up the east coast of the Australian continent.
== Valentine period (1815-1874) ==
The Ligurian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi Grimaldi family] became the new ruling house of France in 1815. They held the titles of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois Duke of Valentinois] and Prince of Monaco for centuries, giving them influence and prowess in the Bourbon court.
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===== Le Marais Scandal =====
===== Independence of Saint-Domingue =====
{{Main|Saint-Domingue#Reform_period_(1815-1862)|l1 = Saint Domingue's independence}}
==== Reign of Louis XVI ====
===== Colonialism in the Niger Delta =====
With the collapse of European slave markets in the 1840s, French merchants ventured into the Niger Delta, aiming to enter the palm oil industry. In the following decades, France would appoint a Consul-General to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalabari_Kingdom Calabare]. The discovery of quinine in the 1850s reduced the risk of lethal disease and allowed French explorers and merchants to expand their colonial interests. In 1858, the Belmont expedition established relations with the principalities of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazzau#Early_Hausa_kingdom Zazzau] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Kano Kano].
==== Reign of Louis XVII ====
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