Henrietta I: Difference between revisions
Replaced person template with the monarch template (Infobox royalty)
mNo edit summary |
(Replaced person template with the monarch template (Infobox royalty)) |
||
Line 1:
{{Infobox royalty|name=Henrietta I|birth_place=London, [[Britain]]|succession2=Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau|mother=Henrietta Maria of France|father=Charles I of England|date of burial=1 June 1692|burial_place=Westminster Abbey, London|religion=Anglicanism|house=[[House of Stuart|Stuart]]|birth_name=Mary Henrietta Stuart|death_place=London, [[Britain]]|death_date=18 May 1692|birth_date=4 November 1631|image=Henrietta Portrait I.jpg|issue-pipe=(details)|issue-link=#Family|issue={{hlist |[[William III]] </br> Prince Edward </br> Beatrice, Countess of Devon </br> James Piers, Earl of Kent}}|spouse={{hlist |William II of Orange </br> [[William Russell, Duke of Bedford]]}}|successor=[[William III]]|predecessor=Charles II|coronation={{nowrap|9 April 1667}}|reign={{nowrap|1 March 1667 – 18 May 1692}}|succession={{hlist |[[United_Kingdom#List_of_leaders|Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]}}|image_size=300px|reign2={{nowrap|14 March 1647 – 6 November 1650
}}}}▼
▲}}
'''Henrietta I''' ([[Dutch]]: ''Henriëtte I''; 1631-1692), known as '''Henrietta the Mediator''', was the Queen of [[United Kingdom|England]], [[United Kingdom|Scotland]], and [[Ireland]] from 1667 to 1692. After the unexpected deaths of King Charles II in 1667 and her Catholic brother [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England Prince James] in 1660, she ascended the throne in 1667. Influenced by her husband [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II,_Prince_of_Orange William II] of Orange, she pursued a pro-Dutch foreign policy, led the nation in the [[History of Europe#Coronation of Queen Henrietta & The War of Devolution (1667)|War of Devolution]], and steadily healed divisions between Anglicans and Nonconformist Protestants. After her death at age 61, her son [[William III]] took the throne and entered the [[History of Europe#The Anglo-Dutch Union or the Twenty-Year Union (1692-1712)|Anglo-Dutch Union]].
== Biography ==
Line 30 ⟶ 11:
During her childhood, she spent most of her time in the various palaces of London, most notably Hampton Court. The daughter of Lord Drummond, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Ker,_Countess_of_Roxburghe Countess of Roxburghe], was Henrietta's primary educator. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Stanhope,_Countess_of_Chesterfield Lady Stanhope] was her personal governess and close friend. Around the age of 10, her late French mother's confidantes attempted to convert the young Henrietta to Roman Catholicism. However, King Charles I quickly ended any enduring Catholic presence in the princess's life.
She received her first marriage proposal from Prince William of Nassau, the future William II, in 1640. Initially arranged to wed the Prince of Asturias, William became the primary suitor after Henrietta refused to convert to Catholicism and move to [[Spain]]. [[File:Portret van Willem II (1626-1650), prins van Oranje, en zijn echtgenote Maria Stuart (1631-1660), SK-A-871.jpg|left|thumb|297x297px|1647 portrait of Henrietta and her husband, [[William II of Orange|William II]], during their residency in The Hague.]]
==== Co-regency and life in the Continent ====
Line 45 ⟶ 26:
==== Return to London ====
When [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protectorate the Protectorate] was defeated and her brother became Charles II, she decided to remain in Paris. However, she decided to return to England with her mother and sister when her brother James, the Duke of York, tragically died of smallpox in 1660. Her son William, who was studying in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_University Leiden University], decided to spend a few months every year at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford Oxford] in order to maintain contact with his mother and learn English. When Henrietta fell ill, William's close friend and Dutch physician Gerwin van Doorne successfully treated her sickness. Gerwin also engaged in a brawl with a French doctor employed by Queen Henrietta Marie, who was noted as medically incompetent and a proponent of hematolagnia.
[[File:William, Lord Russell, by Gerard Soest.jpg|thumb|313x313px|[[William Russell, Duke of Bedford]]. He was prince consort and the second husband of Henrietta I from 1662 to 1687. ]]
She attracted the attention of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Russell,_Lord_Russell William Russell, Duke of Bedford]. Initially enemies and rivals due to their deeply contrasting political positions, they grew fond of each other. They married in 1661.
Line 106 ⟶ 87:
* 1667 - 1692: Her Majesty the Queen
The official style of Henrietta I as queen was "Henrietta, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc.". However, many have informally referred to her as "Henrietta the First, Queen of England" and "Henrietta Regina".
== See also ==
| |||